malignant hyperthermia | Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

What is the incidence of malignant hyperthermia in children? Adults? What is the mortality rate for malignant hyperthermia? - The incidence of malignant hyperthermia is 1 in 15,000 anesthetics in children and 1 in 50,000 in adults, The mortality rate is 10%. What are eleven clinical manifestations of malignant hyperthermia? - (1) Hypercarbia, (2) tachycardia, (3) tachypnea, (4) hyperthermia, (5) hypertension, (6) cardiac dysrhythmias, (7)acidosis (metabolic), (8) hyperkalemia, (9) skeletal muscle rigidity, (10) myoglobinuria, and (11) hypoxemia, What is the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia? - The earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia is increased end-tidal CO2 Can masseter muscle spasm be an early sign of malignant hyperthermia? Will masseter muscle spasm be the first sign of malignant hyperthermia? - Masseter muscle spasm is an early sign of malignant hyperthermia, though it generally will not be the first. What response is considered evidence of malignant hyperthermia in children? - Masseter muscle rigidity after administration of succinylcholine, especially in children undergoing strabismus surgery "What percent of children experience masseter muscle rigidity after halothane and succinylcholineadministration?" - One percent (1%). How fast may temperature increase during an episode of malignant hyperthermia - 1-2 degrees Celsius every five minutes. What is responsible for the increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation during an episode of malignant hyperthermia - Hypercarbia. What is the diagnostic test for malignant hyperthermia, and how is it done? Is the test sensitive? - The halothane-caffeine contracture test remains the standard. A skeletal muscle biopsy is placed in a solution of halothane. Sustained contraction of the skeletal muscle in response to the halothane is diagnostic. Unfortunately, the test is not very sensitive, as there are many false -positives.