MICP Midterm Exam 2023 Questions and Answers Graded A
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MICP - Mobile Intensive Care Paramedic
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MICP - Mobile Intensive Care Paramedic
MICP Midterm Exam 2023 Questions and Answers Graded A
Flat lesions, characterized by change in color of the affected skin
Macule
Raised lesions, solid in consistency of less than 5mm in diameter
Papule
Flat, with elevated surface (plateau-like) with more than 5mm diameter
Plaque
Rounded ra...
micp midterm exam 2023 questions and answers grade
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MICP Midterm Exam 2023 Questions and Answers
Graded A
Flat lesions, characterized by change in color of the affected skin
Macule
Raised lesions, solid in consistency of less than 5mm in diameter
Papule
Flat, with elevated surface (plateau-like) with more than 5mm diameter
Plaque
Rounded raised lesions more than 5 mm in diameter
Nodules
Annular or ring-like papules or plaques with pinkish color
Urticaria (wheals or hives)
Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions with less than 5mm in diameter
Vesicle
Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions with more than 5mm in diameter
Bullae
Circumscribed, exudate-filled / pus-filled lesions
Pustules
Skin lesion due to bleeding into the skin
Purpura
Skin lesion due to bleeding into the skin less than 3mm diameter
- pin-point lesions
Petechiae
Skin lesion due to bleeding in the skin more than 3mm diameter
Ecchymosis
Crater-like lesion that may involve the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis
Ulcer
Necrotic ulcer covered with a blackened scab or crust
Eschar
Gram positive cocci usually arranged individually, in pairs, short chains, or in
grape-like clusters. Its a common pathogen in humans/usual member of the
microbiota of the body frequently found in the skin and in nasopharynx (upper
respiratory tract)
- It is the most dangerous of all many common staphylococcal bacteria
- Produces enzymes and toxins for its pathogenicity and through direct invasion
and destruction of tissues
- can be passed through direct contact with a person having purulent lesions,
from the hands of healthcare worker, and through fomites (bed linens,
contaminated equipment)
Staphylococcus Aureus
A pyogenic (pus-producing) infection involving the hair follicle. It is characterized
by localized painful inflammation, heals rapidly after draining the pus
Folliculitis
,An extension of folliculitis and also known as boil. Characterized
by larger and painful nodules with underlying collection of dead and necrotic
tissue
Furuncle
A red, swollen, and painful cluster of boils that are connected to each other under
the skin
- Represents a coalase of furuncles that extends into the subcutaneous tissue
with multiple sinus tracts
Carbuncle
Folliculitis occurring at the base of the eyelids
It is red and painful, often filled with pus that involves one or more of the small
glands near the base of the eyelids
Sty or Hordeolum
Infection common in young children and primarily involves the face and limbs. It
initially starts as macule which later becomes pus-filled vesicle and forms honey-
colored crust
- It may be caused by both S. aureus and S. pyogenes
Impetigo
It is primarily a disease found in newborns and young children. It is manifested
by sudden onset of perioral erythema that covers the whole body within 2 days.
Positive Nikolsky sign - there is displacement of the skin upon applying pressure
on the skin
- Bullae and cutaneous blister will form and will alter undergo desquamation
- Only outer layer of the skin is affected (no scarring)
Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Symptom (Ritter's Disease)
This is the one responsible for the manifestations of the SSSS/Ritter's Disease
Exfoliative toxin
Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome is also known as?
Ritter's Disease
What is the treatment of choice for bacterial skin infection for Staphylococcus
aureus?
Beta Lactam Antibiotics (penicillin/oxacillin)
- incision and drainage
What is the prevention for bacterial skin infection for Staphylococcus aureus?
Standard & Contact precautions
This bacterium is part of the normal flora of the skin. It is associated with stitch
abscess, UTI, & endocarditis. It also causes infections in individuals
with prosthethic devices (cardiac devices, CNS shunts)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Is a gram positive cocci, arranged in pairs or chains. It belongs to Group A
Streptococci and it is beta hemolytic which causes complete hemolysis of blood.
Its major virulence factor is M protein which is anti-phagocytic. This bacteria also
produces enzymes & toxins which is responsible for pathogenesis of infections.
Some strains are encapsulated. And may be also associated with severe systemic
infections
Streptococcus pyogenes
, A purulent skin infection that is localized and commonly involves face, and upper
and lower extremities. It starts as vesicle then progresses to pustules. The
lesions then ruptures and form honey-colored crusts. There may be enlargement
of regional lymph nodes but no sign of systemic infection
Pyoderma (Impetigo)
This is also known as St. Anthony's Fire. It is a superficial form of cellulitis. It
follows a respiratory or skin infection. It affects the upper dermis and extends to
the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. The patient manifest localized areas
associated with pain, erythema, warmth, lymphadenopathy, and systemic
manifestations
Erysipelas
This involves the skin & subcutaneous tissue. The infected skin and the normal
skin are not clearly differentiated. Local inflammation with systemic signs
Cellulitis
Also known as flesh-eating infection or streptococcal gangrene. It involves deep
subcutaneous tissue. It starts as cellulitis then becomes bullous and gangrenous.
It spreads to the fascia then the muscle and fat. It may
become systemic and cause multi-organ failure to death
Necrotizing Fascitis
This complication is commonly associated with skin infections
Acute glumerolous nephritis
This complication is usually associated with S. pyogenes throat infection. It is
non-supporative, immune-mediated complications
Rheumatic fever
This complication develops in some people who have strep throat. It is
manifested by Strawberry tongue, bright red rash that covers most of the body,
sore throat and fever
Scarlet fever/Scarlatina
What is the Lab Dx for Streptococcus pyogenes?
1. Microscopy
2. Culture
3. Bacitracin test
What is the treatment of choice for bacterium S. pyogenes?
Treatment of choice is penicillin
- In case of allergy, macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) or cephalosporins
- drainage of pus and thorough debridement of infected tissues
It is a gram (-) bacilli arranged in pairs that are encapsulated. It is
an opportunistic aerobic pathogen that is a common cause of nosocomial
(HAI) infection.
- It is capable of producing water-soluble pigment (pyocyanin-blue) and
is resistant to most antibiotics. Its virulence can be attributed to adhesins, toxins,
enzymes
- Its mode of transmission is colonization or previously injured skin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
It is commonly associated with colonization of burn wounds/infects skin burns
(which can be a source of sepsis), and characterized by blue-green pus that
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