Summary of fingerprint and blood splatter analysis lectures. Contains the different types of fingerprints, how to differentiate the 1st, 2nd and 3rd level details and how to enhance the latent fingerprints.
Contains the different types of blood splatter as well as the circumstances at which they c...
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Fingerprint and Blood Splatter
Analysis
Type Self
Materials Chapter 1.pdf
Reviewed
Chapter 4.1 Fingerprints
What are fingerprints? What are they for? Where can they be collected?
Impression made by the papillary ridges (projection of ridge on surface of skin)
on ends of fingers and thumbs
physiologically for grip and friction
Hands or feet with ridges can be used for identification; but hands (finger)
preferred due to minimum time and effort
What are the principles of fingertips that make them important in forensics (3)?
1. Individual characteristic unique to each person; no two individuals have
exact same fingerprint or ridge arrangements
Fingerprint and Blood Splatter Analysis 1
, 2. Pattern will remain unchanged through growth or age; but print may change
with scarring or disease
3. General characteristic ridge patterns allow systematic identification
What are fingermarks? Where are the origins of fingermarks? What can disrupt
it? Define ridgeology.
Fingermarks are the unique pattern of projecting ridges (minute lines) on the
surface of skin on palms and feet.
Ridges originate from the skin
skin is the largest organ of the body; form a barrier to protect inner env. from
external insults
It protrudes at the epidermis (outer skin) dotted with sweat pores through
entire length and anchored or originate from dermis (inner skin) by double
row of peglike protuberances (dermal papillae)
Injury to dermal papillae will permanently obliterate ridges
but superficial burns, abrasions or cuts do not effect ridge structure or
dermal paillae; original pattern is duplicated to new growing skin
Ridgeology is the study of the uniqueness of friction ridge structures and use
in personal identification
What is the principle behind fingerprint identification? What it AFIS?
Identify points of similarity/ points of identification: when minutiae of two
different prints match
No international standard for number of points required (UK: 16, Aus:
12)
Automated Fingerprint Identification System:
computerized system able to read, classify, match and store fingerprints
for criminal justice agencies
need quality latent fingerprints which AFIS search for matches based on
state maintained databases for fingerprint records to establish identity of
unknown or deceased individuals in cases
What are the three details in fingerprint analysis?
Define first-level characteristics and basic description of each type
Fingerprint and Blood Splatter Analysis 2
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