Exceptional Children - Chapter 1 Questions and Correct Solutions Graded A+

exceptional children - Children whose performance deviates from the norm, either below or above, to the extent that special education is needed. 1. children with learning and/ or behavior problems, 2. children with physical disabilities or sensory impairments, 3. children with superior intellectual abilities and/ or special talents. students with disabilities - are the exceptional children without gifted and talented student Impairment - refers to the loss or reduced function of a particular body part or organ (e.g., a missing limb). disability - A condition characterized by functional limitations that impede typical development as the result of a physical or sensory impairment or difficulty in learning or social adjustment. Handicap - refers to a problem or a disadvantage that a person with a disability or an impairment encounters when interacting with the environment. A disability may pose a handicap in one environment but not in another. A person with a disability is not handicapped - 1. unless the disability leads to educational, personal, social, vocational, or other problems. 2. A disability may pose a handicap in one environment but not in another. categories of exceptionality: - • Intellectual disabilities • Learning disabilities • En1otional or behavioral disorders • Autism • Speech or language impairments • Hearing impairments • Visual impairments • Physical or health impairments • Traumatic brain injury • Multiple disabilities • Giftedness and special talents Rosa's Law (August 5, 2010) - signed by Obama, changed all references to mental retardation in federal statues to intellectual disabilities. case Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka - challenge the practice of segregating students according to race (1954) Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) vs Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) - PARC challenged a state law that denied public school education to children considered "unable to profit from public school attendance" purposes of IDEA - 1. rights. ensure FAPE that emphasizes special education and related services; ensure rights of EC and their parents;assist States, localities, educational service agencies, and Federal agencies to provide the education.. 2. assist States implementation of early intervention services for infants and toddlers; 3. tools. ensure that educators and parents have the necessary tools.. 4. assess effectiveness , efforts 6 major principles of IDEA - 1. zero reject - Schools must educate all children with disabilities. absolute for 6 to 17 children. 3-5 18-21, if has ed 3-5 18-21 for regular children, must also for EC. "child find system". 2. Nondiscriminatory evaluation - All tests must be administered in the child's native language, no single test as basis. "protection in evaluation procedures". 3. Free Appropriate Public Education {FAPE) regardless the type or severity of their disability, ed at public expense 4. least restrictive environment and continuum services. remove to separate classes or schools only when they can not receive GE with supplementary aids and service . provide continuum of alternative placements - consultation with general education classroom, resource room, special class, special schools). 5. procedural safeguards. Parental consent, confidentiality, rights for due process hearing, mediation, reimburse the attorneys' fee. 6. parent participation and shared decision making. individualized education program (IEP) - The written document required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL 94-142) for every child with a disability; includes statements of present performance, annual goals, short-term instructional objectives, specific educational services needed, extent of participation in the general education program, evaluation procedures, and relevant dates; and must be signed by parents as well as educational personnel. individualized family services plan (IFSP) - A requirement of the IDEA for the coordination of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities from birth to age 3. Similar to the individualized education program {IEP), which is required for all school-age children with disabilities. universal design for learning (UDL) - An approach to developing curriculum materials and lessons that incorporates concepts from architecture and product design to make access and interaction with the materials accessible, motivating, and engaging for all learners UDL - new curricular materials and learning technologies should be designed from the beginning to be flexible enough to accommodate the learning styles of a wide range of individuals, including children with disabilities. UDL encompasses 3 principles: - (a) multiple means of representation; (b) multiple means of action and expression ; (c)multiple means of engagement key issues about the legal challenge of IDEA - 1. extended school year, 2. FAPE and related services, 3. disciplinary procedures, 4. the fundamental right to an education for students with the most severe disabilities. Armstrong v. Kline (1979), - the parents of five students with severe disabilities claimed that their children tended to regress during the usual breaks in the school year and called on the schools to provide a period of instruction longer than 180 days. Fluency - Fluency is the combination of accuracy and speed that characterizes competent performance. fluent with a particular skill or knowledge shows: 1. Better retention. 2. Greater endurance. 3. Improved application and generalization. Fluency building techniques: - 1. repeated reading. 2. time trials. 3. SAFMEDS. Say All Fast a Minute Each Day Shuffled