Exam (elaborations)
Teacher EPI Assessment Sample Questions Latest Version Updated
- Course
- Institution
Teacher EPI Assessment Sample Questions Latest Version Updated
[Show more]
Content preview
Teacher EPI Assessment Sample Que stions Latest Version Updated 2023 -2024 Which of the following is characteristic of a single -exposure, common -vehicle outbreak? -------- Correct Answer --------- The epidemic curve has a normal distribution when plotted against the logarithm of time Explanation: Single -exposure, common -vehicle outbreaks involve a sudden, rapid increase in cases of disease that are limited to persons who share a common exposure. Additionally, few secondary cases develop among persons exposed to primary cases. A histogram of the outbreak can plot the number of cas es by time of disease onset. In single -exposure, common -vehicle outbreaks, a log transformation of the time of disease onset will often take on the characteristic shape of a normal distribution (i.e., a bell curve) with the median incubation time found at the peak of the curve. A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to determine whether a new cholesterol -lowering agent was useful in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,327 potential participants for the trial. At the initial clinical exam, 309 were discovered to have CHD. The remaining subjects entered the trial and were divided equally into the treatment and placebo groups. Of those in the treatment group, 505 developed CHD after 5 years of follow -up whi le 477 developed CHD during the same period in the placebo group. What was the prevalence of CHD at the initial exam? -------- Correct Answer --------- The prevalence of CHD at the initial exam was 309 cases of CHD divided by 12,327 participants. This equa ls a prevalence of 25.1 cases of CHD per 1,000 persons. A group of researchers are interested in conducting a clinical trial to determine whether a new cholesterol -lowering agent was useful in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD). They identified 12,32 7 potential participants for the trial. At the initial clinical exam, 309 were discovered to have CHD. The remaining subjects entered the trial and were divided equally into the treatment and placebo groups. Of those in the treatment group, 505 developed C HD after 5 years of follow -up while 477 developed CHD during the same period in the placebo group. What was the incidence of CHD during the 5 -year study? -------- Correct Answer --------- The incidence rate reflects the number of new cases developing in th e population at risk. Since prevalent CHD cases were excluded from the study, the population at risk was 12,018 (12,327 persons less 309 cases of CHD). During the 5 -year study period, 982 incident cases of CHD developed. This equals an incidence rate of 81 .7 cases of CHD per 1,000 persons. Which of the following are examples of a population prevalence rate? A) The number of ear infections suffered by 3 -year-old children in March, 2006 B) The number of persons with hypertension per 100,000 population C) The number of cases of skin cancer diagnosed in a dermatology clinic D) b and c E) All of the above -------- Correct Answer --------- B) The number of persons with hypertension per 100,000 population Explanation: Prevalence is the number of affe cted persons in a specified population size at a given time. Only answer (b) fits this definition. Example (a) is more consistent with an incident rate while answer (c) is a selected group of persons who may not be representative of a general population. What would be the effect on age -specific incidence rates of uterine cancer if women with hysterectomies were excluded from the denominator of incidence calculations assuming that most women who have had hysterectomies are older than 50 years of age. A) Th e rates in all age groups would remain the same. B) Only rates in women older than 50 years of age would tend to decrease. C) Rates in women younger than 50 years would increase compared to women older than 50 years of age. D) Rates would increase in women older than 50 years of age but may decrease in younger women as they get older. E) It cannot be determined whether the rates would increase or decrease. -------- Correct Answer --------- D) Rates would increase in women o lder than 50 years of age but may decrease in younger women as they get older. Explanation: Women who have had hysterectomies (i.e., removal of the uterus) are no longer at risk for uterine cancer. For women older than 50 years of age, this would increase the age -specific incidence rate as there would be the same number of uterine cancers occurring among fewer women at risk. Further, rates may decrease among younger women who have had hysterectomies as they are no longer at risk for uterine cancer and thus may decrease the number of potential cases occurring in their age group over time. A prevalence survey conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2003 identified 580 new cases of tuberculosis in a city of 2 million persons. The incidence rate of tuber culosis in this population has historically been 1 per 4,000 persons each year. What is the incident rate of tuberculosis per 100,000 persons in 2003? -------- Correct Answer --------- The answer is 29 new cases of tuberculosis per 100,000 persons. This is found by dividing the new cases of tuberculosis by the total population at risk (580/2,000,000) and multiplying this rate by 100,000 to standardize the rate. A prevalence survey conducted from January 1 through December 31, 2003 identified 580 new cases of tuberculosis in a city of 2 million persons. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in this population has historically been 1 per 4,000 persons each year. Has the risk of tuberculosis increased or decreased during 2003? -------- Correct Answer -----
---- The risk of tuberculosis has increased over the historic incident rate. This comparison can be made by standardizing the historic rate to a rate per 100,000 persons. To do this, multiply the numerator and denominator by 25. Which of the following is an adva ntage of active surveillance?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller johnwachi22. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
