Summary BIOLOGY Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences Digital Written Notes 2023
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Course
Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences
Institution
Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences
Book
Cambridge IGCSE Biology 3rd Edition
Content Coverage:
The digital written notes encompass a broad spectrum of biology topics as outlined in the IGCSE Coordinated Sciences syllabus. These topics include cell biology, genetics, ecology, human anatomy and physiology, plant biology, and more. Each topic is likely presented in a structur...
Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences Digital Written Notes
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Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Coordinated Sciences
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biollogy
, &
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
humans have systems organs thatwork
of together
cells make up tissues
+issues make up organs
organs make up organ systems
MRS. GREN
movement:an action by an organism (or part) causing
change of position or place
respiration:the chemical reactions in cells that
break down
nutrient
molecules and release energy for metabolism
sensitivity:the ability
to or
detect sense stimuliin the internal
or external environment and to
make appropriate responses.
growth: apermanant increase of
Size
excretion:removal from organisms of the waste products
metabolism, toxic materials and substances
of
nutrition:taking in of materials for energy, growth and
development
GLOSSARY
biome:a community of plants and animals thathave
similar environments (characteristics)
population:a group ofindividuals of the same species living
within a given area
ecosystem:a community
of
living organisms in conjunction
with thenon-living of
components their environment.
community:a interacting group ofvarious species in a
common location
system:a complex biologically
network of beings.
relevant
, CELL STRUCTURE
GLOSSARY
nucleus:controls actions and reactions of cell
cell membrane: controls whatgoes ind of the cell
out
cell cytoplasm:where chemical reactions take place
cell wall:made of cellouse, provides support
chloroplasts:absorbs light, allows take place
photosynthesis to
vacuoles:contains dissolved sugar (stores them),gives cell shape
MAGNIFICATION
magnification length of objectin the image/actual
- size.
INm 0.001mm
=
magnification has no units.
DIFFUSION
diffusion is the hetmovement
ofparticles from a region
length
object of higher a
concentration to region of lower concentration
down a concentration gradientas a resultof random movement
magni-actual
Size
factors affecting rate diffusion
of
fication
surface area diffusion
the LP
of
temperature 4 distance
object
↳ concentration gradient
partially permeable membrane
OSMOSIS is a membrane that controls
osmosis is the of water
movement molecules from whatgoes in and out of
cells
a region ofhigher water potential (dilute solution) to
a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution)
through a
partially permeable membrane
, HUMAN TEETH
type of footh number
incisor 8
canine
Pre-molar I
molar 12
PARTS OFTOOTH
pulp carity:formation and nutrition of dentin
crown:part of tooth above gum
provide the sensation of heat, cold and pain
nerve:to
bite things
enamel:for protection, enables you to
jaw and acts as
cement:helps attach rootto a shock absorber
root:to anchor the tooth in position
dental pulp:supply food & oxygen to the living cells of tooth
pulp:soft tissue surrounding the bone
dentine:reinforces the tooths enamel and helps support
the structure of the tooth
TYPES OFTEETH
incisors:chisel shaped teeth atthe front of the mouth.
they are used tocut pieces from food
canines:pointed both sides of the incisors.
teeth on
they are used for gripping and tearing
premolars and molars:flattopped teeth in the Cheeks.
they have points or cusps. upper and lower cusps fittogether.
they are used for grinding and crushing food
TOOTH DECAY
↳ as tooth is acid produced by plaque bacteria, the
exposed to
enamel melts. Gradually, acid wears down a pathway for bacteria
the dentin. If the damage extends beyond dentin, itwill cause
into
pain as the nerves become exposed.
your tooth will then have to be removed or filled.
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