Project: Time limited, drives change, enables value and creates a unique product, service or
result.
Project success: Depends on:
● Project maturity
● Project manager effectiveness
● Funding and resource availability
● Team member skill levels
● Collaboration and communication within the team and with key stakeholders
● Understanding of the core problem and related needs
Approaches of Project Management Life Cycles and Development Approaches:
1. Plan based approach: Activities completed in a distinct or linear fashion. The sponsor
authorizes the project and the team is led by the project manager. Deliverables
transitioned to customers at completion. Value realized in both short and long term
2. Change-based approach: Agile, incremental or iterative development. Can be in sprints
or continuous flows. Product owner controls the value proposition, Project team delivers
work. Process roles can include team lead, scrum master, agile coaches or facilitators.
Value is in incremental delivery to customers during the life cycle. Customer feedback
cycle enables continuous development of value towards a final product.
3. Combination of above is also possible.
Project Management Office (PMO): Not required but large organizations have this
1. Supportive: Develop best practices, methodologies, standards and templates. Coach,
mentor, train, and guide project managers.
2. Controlling: Monitor compliance with project management standards, policies,
procedures and templates via project audits.
3. Directive: Manage shared resources and coordinate communication across projects.
4. Agile Centers of Excellence (ACoEs): Also called Value Delivery Office (VDO). They
coach teams, build agile mindset, skills and capabilities throughout the organization.
They also mentor sponsors and product owners.
Organizational project management (OPM): Strategy execution framework that coordinates
project, program. Portfolio and operations management which enables organizations to deliver
on strategy. External Environment>Internal Environment>System for Value Delivery
Portfolio Management: Collection of projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios and operations to
achieve strategic objectives that aligns with business strategies.
Project Management: Group of related project, programs, and program activities managed in a
coordinated manner. Controls components and interdependencies to realize benefits.
, Project management: Broader program, portfolio or both. Enables achievement of
organizational goals and objectives.
Organization structures: Determines/affects how the teams work, authority, and resources.
1. Functional: Team loyalty is to the functional department and they report to the functional
manager. Project manager role is seldom identified. Roles are part time on project and
controls are nonexistent.
2. Matrix: conflicted loyalty where team members report to both functional manager and
project manager. Project manager can be full or a coordinator. Members role are part
time. Control of project manager is shared with the functional manager or sponsor.
3. Project-oriented: Team loyalty is to the Project and they report to the project manager
whose role is full time. The team members are usually full-time and they have high
control over members.
Project manager Principles: Use the 12 principles to guide behaviors in the 8 project
performance domains
1. Be diligent, respectful and caring steward
2. Recognize, evaluate and respond to system interactions
3. Navigate complexity
4. Create a collaborative project team environment
5. Demonstrate leadership behaviors
6. Optimize risk responses
7. Effectively engage with stakeholders
8. Tailor based on context
9. Embrace adaptability and resiliency
10. Focus on value
11. Build quality into processes and deliverables
12. Enable change to achieve the envisioned future state
Agile: Derived from 4 values from the Agile manifesto and the 12 principles.
Agile Manifesto for software development:
1. Individuals and Interaction over Process and tools
2. Working Software over Comprehensive Documentation
3. Customer collaboration over Contract negotiation
4. Responding to change over Following a plan
Principles of the Agile Manifesto:
1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of
valuable software.
2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness
change for the customer’s competitive advantage.
3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with
a preference to the shorter timescale.
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