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15th group or VA group of the extended form of Concept Ladder
the periodic table consists of 5 elements.
Nitrogen is much less
14 31 75
7
N-nitrogen, 15
P -Phosphorus, 33
As -arsenic, reactive than phosphorous,
122 209 thats why it has greater
Sb -antimony and Bi -bismuth. This group
51 83
tendency for catenation
of five elements constitutes a family. Collectively than Nitrogen.
these are known as pnicogens and their
compounds as pnictides. (Greek, pniomigs
meaning suffocation).
Rack your Brain
Which element shows anomalous
behaviour among group 15 and
why?
Previous Year’s Questions
Occurrence
Nitrogen is relatively inactive
1. Nitrogen is most abundant in nature both in
element because
free and in the combined state.
[AIPMT]
p-Block Elements (Part-2)
2. Air is the most abundant source of free
(1) its atom has a stable electronic
nitrogen.
configuration
3. It forms 75% by mass and 78% by volume of
(2) it has low atomic radius
the air.
(3) its electronegativity is fairly high
4. In combined state, it is found as nitrates such
(4) Bond dissociation energy of its
as chile salt petre (NaNO3), Indian salt petre
molecule is fairly high.
(KNO3) and ammonium compounds.
1.
, 5. Nitrogen is found in the form of proteins and
amino acids in living organisms.
6. Phosphorus occurs in minerals e.g. flourapatite
Ca9.[PO4]6.CaF2 which is the main constituent
Rack your Brain
of phosphate rocks.
7. Ar, Sb and Bi are commonly associated with
sulphide minerals, ores are Bi2O3 bismuth What is the percentage of
oxide and bismuth sulphide Bi2S3. Nitrogen in air?
Electronic configuration :
Trends in physical and chemical properties :
Physical property
1.
Electronic configuration : Valence shell
electronic configuration of 15th group elements
is ns2 np3 , where n = 2 to 6.
2.
Atomic radii : It increases as we move down Previous Year’s Questions
the group. However, there is small increase in
covalent radii from As to Bi, this is because of Number of electrons shared in the
poor shielding of the valence electrons by the formation of nitrogen molecule is
d- and f-electrons present in the inner shell. [AIPMT]
3.
Ionization enthalpy : Ionization enthalpy (1) 6 (2) 10
p-Block Elements (Part-2)
of these elements is much higher than the (3) 2 (4) 8
corresponding elements of group 14 due to
increased nuclear charge and stable exactly
half-filled electronic configuration.
2.
,4.
Electronegativity : It decreases due to a
gradual increase in the atomic radii of the
elements.
5.
Melting and boiling points : M.P and B.P. of
group 15 elements first increases from N to
As due to increase in their atomic size and
then decreases from Sb and Bi due to their Concept Ladder
tendency to form three covalent bonds
instead of five due to inert pair effect.
Nitrogen have higher
6.
Oxidation state : These elements can show
ionisation enthalpy as
negative as well as positive oxidation states.
compare to oxygen and
Going down the group, the stability of +3
carbon because of its half
oxidation state increases while that of +5
filled stable configuration.
oxidation state decreases due to inert pair
effect.
7. Non-metallic and metallic character : Down
the group, metallic character increases.
Some properties of group 15 elements :
p-Block Elements (Part-2)
3.
, Allotropy:
Rack your Brain
All the elements except bismuth show
allotropy. Phosphorus exists in three allotropic
How Phosphorus is categorised
forms such as white or yellow, red or violet and into its white, red and black
black phosphorus. allotropic form?
Chemical properties :
1. Action of air :
N2 + O2 → 2NO
2. Action of oxidising acids :
hot
P4 + 20 HNO3 → 4H3PO4 + 20 NO2 + 4H2O
phosphoric acid Concept Ladder
As4 + 20 HNO3
→ 4H3ASO4 + 20 NO2 + 4H2O
y Dinitrogen combines
Arsenic acid
with dioxygen only at
Sb4 + 20 HNO3
→ Sb4O10 + 20NO2 + 10H2O
very high temperature
Antimony oxide (2000 K) to form nitric
Bi + 6HNO3
→ Bi (NO3)3 + 3H2O + 3NO2 oxide.
y Dinitrogen is a
Bismuth nitrate
colourless, odourless,
3. Hot concentrated nitric acid and sulphuric acid tastless and non-toxic
has no reaction with nitrogen. gas.
p-Block Elements (Part-2)
P4 + 10 H2SO4
→ 4H3PO4 + 10 SO2 + 4H2O
As4 + 10 H2SO4
→ 4H3ASO4 + 10SO2 + 4H2O
2Sb + 6H2SO4
→ Sb2 (SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2Bi + 6H2SO4
→ Bi2 (SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
4.
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