Other
Unit 10 LAB Respiration in Humans
- Course
- Institution
up to distinction level
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Unknownnn
Reviews received
Content preview
Unit 10 LAB Respiration in Humans UnknownEffect of activity on respiration in humans
Introduction to Respiration
Respiration and breathing are two separate processes. Moving air into and out of the lungs
(inhalation and exhalation) is the act of breathing.All living things produce energy, or ATP,
during the process of breathing. Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is a
phosphorylated nucleotide with a structure that resembles that of DNA and RNA. The cell in
which ATP was created prevents it from leaving. All animal cells have mitochondria, where it
takes place. Two membranes are present in the mitochondria, which is significant since it
enables the separation of the aerobic respiration reactions from the rest of the cell.
Additionally, specific enzymes are required for the link reaction and krebs cycle stages of
respiration.The cristae of the mitochondria provides a significant amount of surface area,
which is crucial since it enables many electron transport chains. These enzymes are
contained in the matrix of the mitochondria.
B.P2
Why is respiration crucial? In order for the rest of the body to run smoothly, cells need to
respire in order to make energy. A few biological processes that rely on the energy produced
during respiration include active transport, muscular contraction, the synthesis of proteins
and enzymes from larger molecules, the formation of cellulose from glucose, starch from
glucose, and amino acids from glucose and nitrates.
Aerobic respiration- Aerobic respiration is respiration using oxygen. Cells of both plants and
animals as well as a small number of microorganisms exhibit this. Anaerobic respiration is
less effective than aerobic respiration and produces less energy. Around 32 ATP molecules
are released as energy from the glucose and oxygen. The mitochondria perform aerobic
respiration.
B.P2
Equation: glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs in some microbial, plant, and animal
cells when there is little or no oxygen present.Examples of environments where anaerobic
respiration occurs include plant roots in wet soil, bacteria in puncture wounds, and human
cells under high activity. The anaerobic respiration of microbes can produce advantageous
substances. To create biogas, bacteria break down trash. Bread rises because of the carbon
dioxide created by yeast in the dough. Additionally, waste can be broken down by yeast to
create biogas. Bread rises because of the carbon dioxide created by yeast in the dough. In
the production of beer and wine, yeast can also be employed to ferment sugars and produce
alcohol. 2 ATP molecules less energy is released than during aerobic respiration.
Equation: Glucose Lactic Acid (some energy
released)
Or
1
, Unit 10 LAB Respiration in Humans Unknown
Glucose Ethanol +Carbon dioxide (some energy released)
The body uses anaerobic respiration to produce energy when the heart cannot deliver
enough oxygen to the muscles during exercise in an effort to make up for the oxygen
shortage.It occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, and the amount
of energy released from glucose is decreased. Anaerobic respiration is a temporary solution
since too much of the lactic acid that is created following anaerobic respiration might cause
mouth sores or a metallic taste. You get fatigued after engaging in a lot of physical activity
because lactate accumulates in the cells and causes weariness.It is a useless item. When
oxygen is not really available for aerobic respiration during exercise, our cells produce
lactate to provide energy. Because lactate enables the breakdown of glucose, it is possible
to produce ATP without the use of oxygen. Pyruvate is momentarily changed into lactate,
enabling the breakdown of glucose.
Anaerobic respiration results in an oxygen deficit. This is the amount of oxygen required for
the lactic acid to oxidise, releasing carbon dioxide and water..This is due to the fact that
glucose does not entirely decompose into carbon dioxide and water. Lactic acid is created
when some of it is broken down. The liver breaks down the lactic acid, turning some of it
back into pyruvate, which then goes via aerobic respiration, which needs oxygen. After
exercise, we continue to breathe quickly and deeply because of the oxygen debt.
B.P2
Stages of respiration
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration and occurs in both aerobic respiration and
anaerobic respiration. The purpose of this stage is to convert large molecules of glucose into
small molecules called pyruvate. This can then be transported to the mitochondria, which is
the double-membraned organelle found in human cells.
It is important to start off the glycolysis stage with 2 ATP, as it will allow for more ATP to be
produced later on in glycolysis. Phosphorylated Glucose is extremely unstable, as it
separates into two molecules of Triose Phosphate almost instantly. Pyruvic acid is formed
when triose phosphate is oxidised (also known as Pyruvate). The coenzyme NAD is
responsible for this, and NADH (reduce NAD) is generated as a result of the process. This is
known as a redox reaction, in which one molecule is reduced while the other is oxidised. 2
ATP ,2xNADH, and 2x pyruvate are the results of glycolysis. There are now a total of four
ATP. This ATP is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation. Aerobic and anaerobic
respiration differ after glycolysis. This is the only stage that is shared.
Energy is required for glycolysis to take place. Without glycolysis, the other stages of
respiration process. It requires a small amount ATP, which allows more ATP to be produced
by the end of this phase. Where glycolysis requires energy to take place, the subsequent
phases complete the transformation of pyruvate to produce ATP as well as NADH. The
energy produced here is for the cell to use.
Link Reaction
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Unknownnn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.73. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now