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NR283 Patho Exam 3 Study Guide (New-2023)/ NR 283 Patho Exam 3 Study Guide/ NR283 Exam 3 Study Guide / NR 283 Exam 3 Study Guide: Chamberlain College of Nursing
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NR283 Exam 3 Study Guide (New-2023)/ NR 283 Exam 3 Study Guide/ NR283 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Study Guide / NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Study Guide: Chamberlain College of Nursing NR283 Patho Exam 3 Study Guide (New-2023)/ NR 283 Patho Exam 3 Study Guide/ NR283 Exam 3 Study Guide / NR 283 Exam 3 ...

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  • August 21, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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  • nr283 patho exam 3 study guidenr 283 patho exam

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  • NR283 / NR 283: Pathophysiology
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,*Uric acid stones account for about 7% of stones.

*Spinal cord injury contributes to uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle

associated with a neurological disorder. This can also be from Guillain-Barré or transverse

myelitis.

*Pyelonephritis indicates inflammation that involves of the upper tracts

*Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli and is often caused by a streptococcal

infection. It usually occurs 7 to 10 days after the infection.

*Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excretion of 3.5 grams or more of protein in the urine

per day due to glomerular injury.

*Nephritic syndrome is characterized by blood in the urine with red and white cell casts and

varying degrees of protein.

*Acute renal failure presents with oliguria and a reduction in GFR and BUN. Rapidly

progressive glomerulonephritis usually affects adults in their 50s and 60s and presents with

hematuria.

*factors that determine severity for obstructive uropathy are locations of blockage, the degree of

completeness, duration, involvement of one or both upper urinary tracts, and cause of the lesion.

*factors that is required before a stone is formed are:

1. Supersaturation of one of the salts

2. Precipitation from a liquid to a solid

3.Aggregation

, 4. Presence or absence of Tamm-Horsfall protein

*causes of obstructed urine flow:

1.Prostate enlargement

2.Pelvic organ prolapse

3. Low bladder wall compliance

4.Detrusor hyperflexia

*Kussmaul respirations can be a result of pulmonary edema and metabolic acidosis




*Nephrolithiasis- Calculus in the kidney




* Nephrotoxins - Any substance that causes damage to the glomerulus or the kidney in general,

such as bacteria, heavy metals, or drugs




*Healthy kidney -Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, Assists in maintaining acid base

balance, Produces erythropoietin which makes RBCs




*BUN - Blood urea nitrogen - 10-20 mg/dL

*Serum creatinine - 0.6-1.5 mg/dL

*Azotemia -Increased levels of serum urea and other nitrogenous compounds related to

decreasing kidney function.

, *Uremia -Abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood

*Oliguria -Decreased urine output

*Uremic frost - Powdery deposits on the skin, especially the face, including urea and uric acid

salts, due to excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the sweat; seen in severe uremia.

*Anuria -No urine output

*Puruitis - Itching of the skin caused by urea deposits causing irritation of the skin

* Casts - Congregated protein or cellular debris that forms within a renal tubule


Acute Renal Failure- Sudden interruption of kidney function resulting from obstruction,

reduced circulation, or disease of the renal tissue


 Results in retention of toxins, fluids, and end products of metabolism

 Usually reversible with medical treatment

 May progress to end stage renal disease, uremic syndrome, and death without treatment

 .Persons at risk may be Major surgery (surgical shock), Major trauma, Receiving

nephrotoxic medications (iatrogenic cause), Elderly


*CAUSES


1. Prerenal- Hypovolemia, shock, blood loss, embolism, pooling of fluid d/t ascites or

burns, cardiovascular disorders, sepsis, altered vascular resistance


2 .Intrarenal- Nephrotoxic agents, infections, ischemia and blockages, polycystic kidney

disease, glomerulonephritis, nephritis, and tubular necrosis

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