Fresenius orientation final exam Latest Updates 2023

Fresenius orientation final exam Latest Updates 2023 Nephrons - Functional unit of the kidneys Nephrons are composed of? - The glomerulus (tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by the bowmans capsule) and the tubules Kidneys help maintain good health because - They filter fluid, waste, and extra electrolytes from capillaires into the tubules 4 functions of the kidney - Excretory, regulatory, filtration and endocrine Excretory function of the kidney - Kidneys rid the body of waste products and excess fluid and electrolytes Uremia is - A build up of waste products in the blood Regulatory function of the kidney - Maintain acid/base balance. Fluid balance and electrolyte balance Filtration function of the kidney - Nephrons retain some things and filter out and reabsorb others Endocrine function of the kidney - Kidneys produce hormomes one is renin which constricts blood vessels reulting in increasing BP, erythropoitentin signals bone marrie tonprosuce RBC kidneys also convert the storage form of VIT D, VIT D helps ansorbe calcium from the gut The #1 cause of CRF - Diabetes The #2 cause of CRF - Hypertension Stage 5 renal failure - Has only 10-15% kidney function left Renal failure effects on the digestive system - Uremian causes N/V diarrhea loss of appetite Renal failure effects on the skin - Dry itchy darkened Renal failure effects on the cardiovascular - K causes muscle weakness including heart weakness which can lead to arrhytmias cardiac arrest and death fluid can cause increasesd BP and edema Renal failure effects on the skeletal system - With calcitriol there is decreased ansorption id calcium from the gut. The parathyroid hormone also rises as a result. In order to keep blood calcium in normal range calcium is taken from the bones (dut to high PTH) vausing weak and brittel bones. Calcium then combines with phosphorus and is deposited in sodt tissues Renal failure effects on the lung - Fluid in lungs causes SOB and also puts PT at risk for pulmonary infection 3 types of renal replacement - Peritoneal dialysis Hemodiaysis Tramsplant Safe levels of total chlorine for patinets - 0.00-0.09 15 minutes - Length of time the RO has to run for samples to be obtained for total chlorine testing AAMI - Association for the advancement of medical instrumentation 0.10ppm - Action level for total chlorine which necessitates taking corrective measures to restore water to the safe range Adsorption - To attract or hold on to a surface, the binding of chlorine and chloramine molecules to the activated carbon surface Alternate water supply - A plan approved by the medical director and provides instructions for the facility should the municipal water supply should be interupted Backflow prevention device - Keeps water from flowing backwards into the incoming water supply Backwashing - Forcing water backwards through a filter can be used to remove clogs from sediment filters Bicarbonate - A buffer, used to neutralize acids that form when the body breaks down protein and other foods. Dialysis patients have low levels of bicarb Bicarb mixer - Device to mix bicarb solution. Used in facilities that use jugs and do not have an SDS SYSTEM Booster pump - Used to increase pressure in the system should the pressure drop Breakthrough - Test results after first carbon filter indicates a level of chlorine .1 or higher Brine tank - Concentrated saline solution