Nursing Fundamentals Chapter 1 Latest Update Graded A+

Nursing Fundamentals Chapter 1 Latest Update Graded A+ Health a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being licensure to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements nursing practice act The law that defines and regulates the practice of nursing in the United States. nursing profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving healthcare services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health science of nursing the knowledge base for care that is provided art of nursing is the skilled application of that knowledge to help people reach maximum quality of life and health.. ie some people can never be healthy due to a terminal illness but a nurse can help them maximize quality of life. nursing process Systematic problem-solving method by which nurses individualize care for each client. The five steps of the nursing process are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. profession occupation that meets specific criteria including a well defined body of specific and unique knowledge ,a code of standards and ethics, ongoing research and autonomy reciprocity system that allows a nurse in one state to obtain a license in another state without retesting. standards rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where healthcare is given. Historic background of nursing Early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural origin.Good spirits brought health , evil spirits brought sickness the medicine man was the physician and the mother was the nurse. Time passed and the Temples and high priest was the physician -Illness was created by sin. Gods displeasure the word disease literally means disease. Nurses were slaves to the high priest Early Christian times nurses had a more formal role deaconesses made the first organized visits to the sick . Male and female nursing orders were 1st given during the Crusades 11th to 13th century pilgrims needed hospitals and nurses. (Crusades was a religious war ordered by the Pope to push Muslims out of Jerusalem ) 16 th century Western societies changed from having a religious orientation to one of welfare, expansion of knowledge and exploration --Women who had committed crimes were recruited to be nurses instead of going to jail So a bad reputation and bad pay for nurses with long hours.. Florence Nightingale Born in 1820 to a wealthy family, grew up in England, well educated and traveled extensively. Trained as a nurse at 31. The Crimean War gave opportunity for achievement. Challenged prejudices against women, and elevated the status of all nurses. Established training school for nurses, and wrote books on healthcare and nursing education. Elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, and improved quality of care. Regarded as founder of modern nursing. Florence Nightingale contributions 1.Id of patients personal needs and the role of the nurse to meet the needs. 2. Standards for hospital management. 3.Made nursing a respected occupation. lished nursing education. 5.Two components of nursing: health and illness. 6.Nursing is separate and distinct from medicine. 7. Nutrition is important to health. 8.Occupational and rec therapy for the sick. 9.Continuing education for nurses. 10.Record keeping charting and nursing research. Clara Barton Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War, founded the American Red Cross is 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field. Liilian Wald founder of public health nursing Dorothea Dix Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums --Super for Corp of Army nurses Isabel Hampton Robb A leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a days work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (now American Nurses Association). Mary Elizabeth Mahoney Graduated from the New England Hospital for women and children in 1879 as America's First African American Nurse. Lavina Dock nursing leader, suffragist; active in protest for womens right (voting) Margaret Sanger planned parenthood Mary Adelaide Nutting first professor in nursing aims of nursing To promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, to facilitate coping with disability or death. To promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health, to facilitate coping with disability or death. nurses use edge s cal thinking to give care in a traditional and expanding way. Four essential competencies (nurse use) Cognitive, Technical, Interpersonal, and ethical/legal skills to provide safe and knowledgeable care. cognitively skilled nurses think about the nature of things to make sense of their world and to grasp conceptually what is necessary to achieve goals using science anatomy,physiology,psychology,sociology biology to help make sense of the patients plan of care Technically skilled nurses Use the newest equipment or creatively adapt thinks to work. Interpersonal skilled you can not teach this how a nurse can relate to other people in a caring way. to get people to trust you. Ethically and morally skilled conduct themselves morally, be accountable to themselves and their patients act as patients advocate. Be trusted. Right from wrong Role of nursing in 1800s having charge of somebody's health based on the knowledge of how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease nursing roles in all settings( ) 1. caregiver (encompasses all roles) 2. communicator, teacher/educator 3. counselor 4. Leader 5. Researcher 6. Advocate borator aims of nursing promote health, prevent illness, restore health, provide coping mechanisms and maximize strengths and weaknesses of patient deal with death healthy people 2010 leading health indicators Physical activity. Overweight and obesity. Tobacco use. Substance abuse. Responsible sexual behavior Mental health. Injury and violence. Environmental equality. Immunization. Access to health care. Nursing profession 1. well defined body of unique knowledge 2. strong service orientation nized authority by a professional group( ANA) of ethics ssional organization that sets standards 6.Ongoing research omy . nursing interventions are focused on evidence based practice, which is practice based on research and NOT INSTITUTION ..The evidence gained from the past research is being used in the present and future.... LPN provides direct client care under the direction of a registered nurse physician or other licensed practitioner in meeting healthcare needs in hospitals,home health agencies,nursing homes.NCLEX PN exam RN 3 types of educational programs iates degree,2. Diploma , 3. Baccalaureate programs all graduates must sit for the Nclex RN exam at the State level. MSN Masters degree prepares advanced practice nurses as nurse educator, nurse administrator, or specialty areas ex. midwives FNP family nurse practitioners Nursing continuing education ANA says it is professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health ,Some states require to maintain RN licensure. In service training Hospitals require RN to learn how to use new equipment or work on nursing skills. professional nursing organizations American Nurses Association (ANA), National League for Nursing (NLN) International Council of Nursing (ICN) National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) (AACN) American Association of Colleges in Nursing . ANA American Nurses' Association is the professional organization for RN's -- public education, clinical nursing standards lobbying state and federal lawmakers to advance the profession of nursing. NLN National League for Nursing; an organization for both individuals and agencies (involving nurses/non-nurses makes it unique)q; Objective: foster the development and improvement of all nursing services and nursing education provides voluntary accreditation for educational programs in nursing. AACN American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) - establishes quality educational standards, most nursing programs that are accredited are either accredited by the NLN or AACN, the CN is the accrediting body of the AACN, BSN or Graduate school NSNA National Student Nurses' Association; official preprofessional organization for nursing students; an autonomous body; Publication; Imprint (magazine) Guidelines for nursing practice nursing controls its practice through standards of practice, nurse practice acts and licensure, the use of the nursing process. standards of nursing practice * Establishing & implementing standards of practice are major functions of a professional organization. * The purpose of ANA Standards of Practice is to describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. standards of nursing defines things nurses do that are specific and unique to nursing. Standards allow for nurses to perform professional roles,serving as protection for the nurse,the patient,and the institution that the healthcare is given. Nursing Practice Act Each state has for objectives 1) defines the practice of professional nursing 2) sets min-educational qualifications and requirements for nursing 3) legal titles/ abbreviations 4) disciplinary actions Nursing Process (critical thinking) Is nursing made visible using both the science and art of nursing.-- organizational framework for the practice of nursing. It encompasses all steps taken by the nurse in caring for a patient: ADPIE assessment, nursing diagnoses, planning (with goals and outcome criteria), implementation of the plan (with patient teaching), and evaluation ---do not forget evaluation to make sure your plan is working.. specific critical thinking competencies. Clinical Inference Making a tentative conclusion based on observed data Diagnostic reasoning Use of cognitive thinking and assessment of the situation Clinical decision-making Focuses on selecting the treatment after forming diagnostic conclusions evidence based practice (trend) nursing care provided that is supported by sound scientific rationale current trends in nursing 1.Nursing Shortage 2.Evidence-Based Practice 3.Community-Based Nursing 4.Decreased Length/Hospital Stay 5.Aging Population 6.Increased Chronic Health Condition 7.Independent Nursing Practice 8.Culturally Competent Care and Complementary Therapies community based nursing (trend) care that takes place in community settings such as the home or a clinic,where the focus is on the needs of the indiviidual or family to monitor and control healthcare services and minimize cost. nursing shortage (trend) RN are largest group of all healthcare providers like 2.9 mill and 2.4 are working.. nurses are aging and faculty to educate nursing students aging. by 2020, 800,000 nurses will be needed. decreased length/hospital stay (trend) hospital stays are shorter acutely injured patients often requiring complex care by nurses and early release requires teaching the patients and family members how to provide self care. aging population (trend) baby boomer and older people require teaching and nursing interventions. More disease -prevention interventions -- one floor housing, bathroom for aging. Increase in chronic health condition (trend) Chronic health conditions like AIDS- heart respiratory disease - Cancer- As people are living long Chronic health conditions by 2030 will be 171 million people.And half with more then one condition. culturally competent care (trend) bridge cultural gaps, work with culural differences, clients achieve meaningful supportive care independent nursing practice (trend) advance practice degree nurses may set up their own practice and charge a fee, insurance companies will cover these fees if other requirements of plan are fulfilled (being in network for example), CNS, CNP, mid wives (examples), MSN or higher degree required, may prescribe meds independently, required to work with physician in Alabama, may not prescribe controlled substances in Alabama Standards of professional performance quality of practice practice evaluation education collegiality collaboration ethics research resource utilization leadership Articulation of CCRI the LPN program to the RN program then to get a BSN ,,