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NUR 210 Exam 1 Material Pharmacology Principles Questions And Answers 2023
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NUR 210 Exam 1 Material Pharmacology Principles Questions And Answers 2023
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NUR 210 Exam 1 Material Pharmacology Principles Questions And Answers 2023drug response - Correct Answer-the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - Correct Answer-1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - Correct Answer-the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - Correct Answer-"what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - Correct Answer-(small intestine) the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - Correct Answer-drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - Correct Answer-lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - Correct Answer-water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - Correct Answer-breaks down the drug
kidneys - Correct Answer-excretes the drug Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - Correct Answer-orally --> stomach --> SI --
> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - Correct Answer--drugs must be LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption 1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - Correct Answer-the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
1. Direct penetration of the membranes - Correct Answer-- use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
2. channels and pores - Correct Answer-only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass through cell membranes
3. transport systems - Correct Answer-- are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the membrane to the other - are selective
Movement of drugs across membranes - Correct Answer--drugs must cross membranes
(pass through cells) to enter the blood from their site of administration - drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and excreted
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - Correct Answer-process that occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated - Rate of absorption -> depends on the formulation of drug (tablet, liquid, etc.)
- Amount of absorption -> how effective drug will be absorbed
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