APHY 102 Midterm Study guide.

T/F: Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors. FALSE An abnormally slow heart rate is termed bradycardia. The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers Which plasma protein is accurately described? Beta globulins-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by depolarization of atrial muscle fibers. The systemic circuit sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed paracrine. The pulmonary circuit sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. Formed elements" are blood cells and platelets. Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior. Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function? Mitral valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is calcitonin. Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts? Neutrophils and basophils Pus is composed of bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells. Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the hypothalamus. A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________. molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones In edema tissues swell with fluid. Listening with a stethoscope just to the right near the tip of the sternum, sounds come most distinctly from the tricuspid valve. Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs? Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve Which of the following is not a factor that increases risk of developing atherosclerosis? Low blood pressure T/F: The sex hormones from the adrenal cortex are primarily androgens. True Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions? Pancreas When venous pressure is too low, ____________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract. sympathetic reflexes T/F: A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell. False Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described? P wave-depolarization of atria T/F: Nonsteroid hormones include peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, and amines. True Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell? Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte The inner lining of the heart is the endocardium Hematocrit is the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample. Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase blood pressure. heart rate. breathing rate. correct all of the above. In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the SA node through the AV node. Tropic hormones stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones. T/F: Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not. True The normal pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node. Pheromones differ from hormones in that they are transmitted between members of the same species. T/F: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the systolic blood pressure. False The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of fibrinogen to fibrin. The right atrium receives blood directly from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus. Secretion of glucagon causes an increase in the concentration of blood glucose. In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers. Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include emotional responses. exercise. increase in body temperature. correct all of the above. When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt? Radial artery Steroid hormones are soluble in lipids. combine with protein receptor molecules. cause messenger RNA synthesis. correct all of the above The pineal gland is attached to the thalamus. Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample? Basophils Lymph nodes are grouped throughout the body except in the central nervous system. The spleen resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules. Interferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to viruses. The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are neutrophils and monocytes. Interleukin-1 secretion causes a fever An immune response that is slower but more specific for the pathogen is the adaptive defense. Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response? Production of antibodies The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are lymphocytes and macrophages. The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is IgG. The antibodies produced in allergic reactions belong to the immunoglobulin E group. An antigen is ______, whereas an antibody is ______. a foreign substance such as a protein or a polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate the antigen A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______. produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen Newborns can acquire __________ immunity through breast milk. passive T/F: The thymus enlarges after puberty. False T/F: Innate defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers, whereas adaptive defenses counter specific disease-causing agents. True The digestive system ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder. The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa. Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract from the pharynx to the anus. The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called mastication. Salivary amylase digests carbohydrates. In the swallowing reflex muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food. the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea. the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate. correct all of the above. Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the esophagus. All of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted in an inactive form.