BB final, immunohematology Review Questions & Answers 2023/2024
what is an adverse transfusion reaction? - ANSWER-an undesirable response or effect in a patient temporarily associated with the administration of blood or blood components.
what is acute reaction? - ANSWER-immediately or w/in ...
what is an adverse transfusion reaction? - ANSWER-an undesirable response or effect in a patient
temporarily associated with the administration of blood or blood components.
what is acute reaction? - ANSWER-immediately or w/in 24 hours
what is a delay reaction? - ANSWER-greater than 24 hours
what is an immune-mediated reaction? - ANSWER-reactions involving antigen-antibody complexes,
cytokine release, or complement activation
what is a non-immune-mediated reaction? - ANSWER-reactions that may be due to the complement
transfused, the patients underlying condition, or the method, or the method of infused
what is acute hemolytic transfer reaction (AHTR)? - ANSWER-is the rapid destruction of red blood cells
during, immediately after, or within 24 hours after transfusion of red cells.
what are the events in an immune-mediated AHTR? - ANSWER-1. antibody binding to red cells in vivo
2. activation of complement system
3. activation of mononuclear phagocytes and release of cytokines
4. activation of coagulation system
5. shock and renal failure
what are red cell stroma? - ANSWER-red cell membrane that remain after hemolysis
in an AHTR complement functions in what three capacities? - ANSWER-Opsonization, anaphylatoxin
generation, and red cell lysis
,Opsonization occurs when - ANSWER-Complement tags foreign material (microbes) to trigger its
phagocytosis
anaphylatoxins - ANSWER-potent inducers of inflammation, are liberated into plasma. these products act
on mast cells, smooth muscle, and neutrophils. C5a acts on smooth muscle to effect contraction with an
overall net effect of vascular dilation and branchospasm. C3a and C5a also cause vasoactive amine
(serotonin and histamine) release by mast cells and basophils and effect degranulation of neutrophils.
the net effect of the systemic release of serotonin and hastamine is increased vascular permeability.
Bradykinin, a potent vasodilator and one of the plams kinins, is generated to increase vasodilation and
hypotension. in addition, antigen-antibody complex deposition and thrombus formation contribute to
the vascular compromise observed in the kidneys
red cell lysis AHTR - ANSWER-is the final outcome in complement activation after the assembly of the
membrane attack complex. liberated hemoglobing is bound by plasma haptoglobin. when the
hemoglobin-binding capacity of plasma haptoglobin is exceeded, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria
are detectable. free hemoglobin released into the blood stream has cytotoxic and inflammatory effects.
what is kinins? - ANSWER-group of proteins associated with contraction if smooth muscle, vascular
permeability, and vasodilation
hemostatic profile of patients in DIC? - ANSWER-demostrate low platelet counts, decrease fibrinogens
levels, and increase fibrin degradation products
what three important factors determine the outcome of the incompatible transfusion? - ANSWER-1.
potency of the resipient's anti-A or anti-B in plasma
2. volume of incompatible blood transfused
3. rate of transfusion
IgA - ANSWER-mucosal immunity
IgG - ANSWER-able to cross the placenta
highest plasma-serum concentration
,IgM - ANSWER-Contains 10 antigen-binding sites
Produced early in an immune response:
pentamer shape
example of innate immunity? - ANSWER-phagocytosis
what can affect the binding of an antigen and antibody? - ANSWER-incubation time, temperature,
antigen ti antibody concentration, electrostatic forces
what is the clinical significance of hemolysis during patient testing? - ANSWER--complement was
activated
-the RBCs were senstized
-indicates a positive/incompatible reaction
which response takes less time, primary or secondary? - ANSWER-secondary
what is the main purpose of the blood bank laboratory dept?
a. screen patients for infectious diseases
b. ID and distribute compatible blood products to patients in need of transfusion.
c. ID unexpected antibodies in patient plasma
ID abnormal RBC hemoglobin in the patients blood - ANSWER-B and C
agglutination reaction characterized by many small agglutinates in a background of free cells would be
grades in tube testing as? - ANSWER-1+
Which of the following is true about hemolysis in a Blood Banking specimen? Select all that apply.
a.can indicate an immunologic process
, b.always caused in vivo
c. can be caused in vitro
d.
indicates a positive serologic result - ANSWER-a,c,d
Which of the following testing is performed by the Blood Banking section of the laboratory?
Please select all that apply.
testing patient's blood for diseases
testing donor units for diseases
perform hemoglobin & hematocrit
testing donor units for specific antigens or antibodies - ANSWER-testing donor units for diseases
testing donor units for specific antigens or antibodies
Which of the following are considered blood products which are distributed by the Blood Banking
section of the laboratory?
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