1. A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per
minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%: A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is
hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be
low. The patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and
the two pH values provided are not consistent with this diagnosis.
2. A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.: b. The cause of
neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly
related to fluid shifting into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a
,serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes
them to swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell into
the intravascular space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated.
An alteration in the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
3. A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
elec- trolyte imbalance?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia: a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of
dehydration. An elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the
intravascular space from the intracellular space and cause a rise in
serum potassium.
4. A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The
hus- band has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a
heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is the chance
that our baby will have the disease? Which of the following answers is
correct?
25%
,50%
75%
100%: A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell
nucleus which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There
are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46
chromosomes. Chromosomes are separated into two identical sets
during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set
, of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division.
This process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the
daughter cells. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as
autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is the pair which contains the
genetic information for gender. This pair contains
the genetic information which delineates between the male and female
genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous.
This means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender.
Autosomal genetic diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of
chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are only carried on
the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly
identical to one another and are considered homologous to one another.
Each autosomal chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These
two genes are known as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on
each partner of the chromosome pair and code for the same genetic
trait or physiologic function. Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One
allele may be dominant and the other recessive, or they both may be
dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles' genetic code will
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller NurseFerian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
