NBDHE 2022 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Veracity telling the truth and expecting it of others Autonomy deals with the Patient, not the practitioner Beneficence includes the well-being of individuals and the public Nonmalefience deals with the practioner (do no harm) Confidentiatlity patient information and relationships Social trust Values patient trust based on our actions and behavior What is the best way to avoid a lawsuit? documentation, charting and communication Civil Offence (Lawsuit) - Wrongful offence against a person - satisfaction is sought (money) - Common lawsuits: dental injections, adverse drug reactions, failure to diagnose Civil Law (Contracts) Implied and express Implied Contract an agreement made through inference by signs, inaction or silence Express Contract oral and written Terminating patients non-compliance and failure to pay (practitioner) Abandonment dismissal of patient without ample and proper notice (patient) Civil Law (Torts) Intentional torts and unintentional torts Intentional torts - assault - battery - deceit and misrepresentation - defamation - invasion of property Assult threatening bodily harm ex: person raising his hand to threaten to hit someone who actually doesn't do it Battery causing bodily harm ex: placing sealants on a child's teeth without parental consent or taking radiographs without permission Defamation Damaging a person's reputation - Libel: written defamation - Slander: spoken, verbal defamation Unintentional Torts Negligence and malpractice Neglagence failure to do what a reasonable person would do OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Responsible for developing universal/standard precaution protocols for employees to prevent them from contracting disease through blood and/or other body fluids HIPPA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Maintains patient confidentiality - All health care entities that electronically process, store, transmit or receive medical forms, claims, or remittance How often does the HIPPA form need to be signed **ONE TIME** Unless: - Changes are made: patient wants to add or remove an individual from a previous form - The government makes changes to HIPPA policy - Office must provide the patient a copy of HIPPA policy every three years CDC Central for Disease Control - Recommends infection control protocol - Provides guidelines for disease prevention and disease transmission - Located in Atlanta, GA COBRA Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act - Gives individuals the right to keep the group health insurance benefits for 18 months - Applies if the person has reduced work hours, quits or loses job (voluntary or involuntary) - provides coverage for spouse and dependent children How long can a patient keep their insurance on COBRA? 18 months Informed Consent includes: - presented in understandable language - nature and need of procedure - benefits/risk of procedure - prognosis - alternatives to procedure - patient is allowed to ask questions What is not included in informed consent? Cost of the procedure Ownership of dental records Dentist owns hard copy on which records are printed Patient owns information It is okay for dentist to charge a reasonable fee to transfer records, even if there is a balance on the account Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Include - mask - examination gloves - protective eyewear: face shield; eyewear with side shield such as goggles, and loupes - Protective clothing (gowns/jackets worn over clinical attire) made of impervious material What is the purpose of PPE? provides barriers to minimize exposure to aerosols, spatter, and splash Disinfectionts kill or inactivate most pathogenic microbes, not spores Disinfectant properties include: - Rapid, broad-spectrum antimicrobial: bactericidal, fungicidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal - Odorless, easy to use, fast acting, and economical - Compatible to environment and surface - Residual effect- continues to work after it dries - Non toxic to touch or inhalation - EPA registered - Cleans and disinfects Types of Disinfecting Agents - Chlorine- based compounds - Iodophors - Phenols (water or alcohol based) - Quaternary compounds Chlorine- based compounds corrosive to metals; strong odor Iodophors can discolor some surfaces yellow Phenols (water or alcohol based) may leave a film or residue on surfaces Quaternary compounds not corrosive, but have a lower kill spectrum; limited efficacy Glutaraldehydes - should not be used as a surface disinfectant because of toxic effects of fumes; also is corrosive - can be used as an immersion sterilant for 10 or more hours Levels of surface disinfectants include: - High: capable of killing bacterial spores - Intermediate: must kill TB organisms - Low: includes simple phenol How do you disinfect a surface area? Clean-wipe- disinfect Sterilization kills all pathogenic microbes, including spores Methods of Sterilzation: - chemical or heat Chemical Vapor Sterilzation - recommended minimum temperature 270 degrees F for 20 minutes with a pressure of kPa/25 psi - Ventilation is necessary - may damage rubber and plastic items - spore test= Geobacillus (formerly Bacillus) stearothermophilus Dry Heat Sterilization - 320 degrees F for 2 hours - Recommended for metal instruments - Avoid paper products - May damage rubber and plastic items - not recommended for handpieces - Spore test= Bacillus atrophaeus Steam Sterilization - recommended minimum sterilization parameter 250 degrees F with 15 to 20 lbs per square inch (psi) for 30 minutes - Corrodes non-stainless (carbon) steel instruments - Dulls instruments and burs - OK for some plastics; cotton rolls/gauze (cloth goods) - paper packages come out wet and tear - Spore Test= Geobacillus (formerly Bacillus) stearothermophilus