NBDHE Practice Questions and answers

The x-ray was discovered by a. Heinrich Geissler b. Wilhelm Roentgen c. Johann Hittorf d. William Crookes Wilhelm Roentgen Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays? A. Beta particles B. Alpha particles C. Cathode rays D. Radioactive materials Cathode rays Which term describes two or more atoms that are joined by a chemical bond? a. ion b. ion pair c. molecule d. proton Molecule Which is not a type of particulate radiation? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Protons D. Nucleons Nucleons Which is the location where x-rays are produced? A. Positive cathode B. Positive anode C. Negative cathode D. Negative anode Positive anode Which describes scatter radiation? A. Radiation that exits the tubehead B. Radiation that is more penetrating than primary radiation C. Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter D. none of the above Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter In dental imaging, the quality of the x ray beam is controlled by? a. kilovoltage b. miliamperage c. exposure time d. source-to-receptor distance Kilovoltage Increasing milliamperage results in an increase in: A. Temperature of filament B. Mean energy of beam C. Number of x-rays produced D. Both A & C Temperature of filament and number of x-rays produced The overall blackness or darkness of an image is termed a. contrast b. density c. overexposure d. polychromatic Density If the target receptor distance is doubled, the resultant beam will be a. four times as intense b. twice as intense c. half as intense d. one fourth as intense One fourth as intense The latent period in radiation biology is the time between a. initial injury and repair b. subsequent doses of radiation c. cell rest and cell mitosis d. exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms Exposure to x radiation and clinical symptoms Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury? A. Total dose B. Dose rate C. Cell sensitivity D. Age E. All of the above All of the above The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in air is termed a. gray b. coulombs per kilogram c. rem d. rad e. roentgen Roentgen Which is considered radioresistant? A. Immature reproductive cells B. Young bone cells C. Mature bone cells D. Epithelial cells E. None of the above Mature bone cells Which position indicating device is most effective in reducing patient exposure? A. Conical B. Rectangular C. Circular D. all are equally effective in reducing patient exposure Rectangular Which statement describes the function of a filter in a dental x-ray tube head? A. It reduces the size and shape of the beam B. It removes low energy x rays C. It removes the dose of radiation to the thyroid gland D. It decreases the mean energy of the beam It removes low energy x rays The dental radiographer can regulate the x ray beam (kVp, mA, time) through the use of the a. control panel b. extension arm c. console d. position-indicating device (PID) Control panel One advantage of a film with an emulsion coating on both sides (double-emulsion film) is that a. the film requires less radiation exposure to make an image b. the image produced is less distorted c. the film has less sensitivity to radiation d. processing solutions are absorbed more easily The film requires less radiation exposure to make an image The intensifying screen that emits green light and must be used with green sensitive film is termed a. calcium tungstate b. rare earth c. phosphor d. rare tungstate Rare earth A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have a. high contrast b. low contrast c. high density d. low density Low contrast The hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _____ tones, whereas the Elon in the developer bring out the _____ tones on a dental radiograph. a. black; white b. white; black c. gray; gray d. white; gray e. black; gray Black; gray A universal safelight filter such as the GBX-2 by the Carestream Health is recommended for a. intraoral films only b. extraoral screen films only c. extraoral nonscreen films only d. intraoral and extraoral films Intraoral and extraoral films Which describes the relationship between the receptor and the long axis of the tooth in the paralleling technique? A. The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other B. The receptor and the tooth are at right angles to each other C. The receptor and the tooth are perpendicular to each other D. The receptor and the tooth are intersecting each other The receptor and the tooth are parallel to each other Too much vertical angulation results in images that are a. elongated b. foreshortened c. overlapped d. none of the above Foreshortened The zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on a pano image is termed the a. rotation center b. ghost image c. focal trough d. midsagittal plane Focal trough Changing a treatment plan without informing the patient violate which of the following? A. Veracity B. Fidelity C. Beneficence D. Societal trust E. Non-maleficence Fidelity Above all do no harm represents which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. autonomy d. beneficence e. non-maleficence Non-maleficence Confidentiality is both an ethical principle/core value as well as an aspect of civil unintentional tort. A. Both parts are true B. Both parts are false C. First part is true, the second is false D. First part is false, the second is true -The first part of the statement is true, the second is false. -Violation of confidentiality is considered INTENTIONAL civil tort therefore the 2nd part is false What is the correct order of learning? a. self interest, unawareness, awareness, involvement, action, habit b. unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action, habit c. awareness, self-interest, unawareness, involvement, habit, action d. action, unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, habit Unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action and habit Fairness and equality represent which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. veracity d. beneficence Justice All are considered essential elements of informed consent except which? A. Referral B. Diagnosis C. Treatment D. Consequences Referral Informed consent is considered an implied contract because it is a written agreement. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true -First is false, second is true -Written informed consent is considered an explicit vs. implied contract or agreement State regulations that include infection control requirements are designed to protect who? a. the patient b. the practitioner c. both the patient and the practitioner d. neither the patient or the practitioner The patient Not meeting the standard of care would violate which ethical principle/core value? a. autonomy b. societal trust c. confidentiality d. non-maleficence Societal Trust Regulatory entities who impact the practice of DH include all but which of the following: A. State licensing boards B. Local laws and codes C. Professional associations D. State public health and safety codes E. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Professional associations Active listening involves which of the following? A. Silence B. Open ended questions C. Closed ended questions D. None of the above Silence Examples of negligence include all but which of the following: A. Not meeting the standard of care B. Incorrect medical or dental history taking C. Placing sealants on a minor without consent D. Failure to diagnose, refer or treat perio disease E. All of the above are considered forms of negligence Placing sealants on a minor without consent All of the following are involved in enforcing infection control in dentistry except: A. CDC B. OSHA C. State licensing boards with infection control regulations D. All of the above CDC Posting a negative comment on social media regarding a patient is considered slander as well as a violation of autonomy. A. Both are true B. Both are false C. First is true, second is false D. First is false, second is true -First is false, second is true -A written, negative comment regarding a patient is considered libel vs. slander which is "verbal" and shows a tremendous lack of respect which relates to autonomy Maintaining a professional accountability includes which of the following? A. Maintain ethical standards in practice B. Encourage professional colleagues to follow the same ethical standards C. Reports colleagues unethical behavior to appropriate peer review entities D. Remain current regarding state rules and regulations governing dental and DH practice E. All of the above All of the above Breach of contract violates which ethical principle/core value? a. fidelity b. autonomy c. beneficence d. confidentiality e. non-maleficence Fidelity The Occupational Health and Safety Administration requires all except: A. Training upon employment B. Providing protective equipment to patients C. Annual, interactive training for chemical safety D. Protective equipment be available for all employees E. Annual, interactive training for blood borne pathogens Providing protective equipment to patients The CARE principle is a concept that includes which of the following? A. Respect B. Empathy C. Compassion D. Attentiveness E. None of the above Empathy as well as comfort, acceptance and responsiveness The Code of Ethics for the profession of dental hygiene have been established by which of the following entities? A. ADA B. State regulatory/licensing boards C. Commission on Dental Accreditation D. ADHA E. Various textbooks and researchers within the profession ADHA