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IBCLC Exam/457 Questions and Answers
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IBCLC Exam/457 Questions andAnswers
% of breastmilk that is carbohydrates - -Approximately 7%
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk.
-% of breastmilk that is fat - -Approximately 4%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 50.
-% of breastmilk that is protein - -Approximately .8 - 1 %
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant
Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
-% of calories in breastmilk from carbohydrates - -Approximately 40%
Hale and Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 69.
-% of calories in breastmilk from fat - -Approximately 50%
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 124.
-% of calories in breastmilk from protein - -Approximately 10%
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant
Practice (2nd ed.), page 272.
-Acinus - -Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are
lined with secretory cells.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. Available online: http://www.merriam-
webster.com/medical/acinus?show=0&t=1296699192
-Acrocyanosis - -Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn;
peripheral cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Active immunity - -Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by
one's own immune system.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 868.
-Active transport - -Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components
in breastmilk.
Hale & Hartman, 2007. Textbook of Human Lactation, page 470.
-Acyclovir/Zovirax - -Antiviral used to treat herpes infections, L2.
,Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 177.
-Aerobic bacteria - -Bacteria requiring air for metabolic processes. The
breast is colonized with this type of bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-AGA - -Appropriate for Gestational Age. Having a birth weight between the
10th and 90th percentile on intrauterine growth charts.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 671.
-Alcohol and breastfeeding - -Alcohol can decrease milk supply.
Breastfeeding must be interrupted for 1 hour per drink, or until mother is
sober.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 171 & 188.
-Aldomet/Methyldopa - -Antihypertensive, L2. Frequently used to treat
hypertension during pregnancy. No concerns reported via breastmilk.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 667.
-Allergen - -A substance that causes an allergic response, such as foods,
drugs, inhalants. Cow's milk is common source for infants.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Αlphalactalbumin - -A major protein found in human milk whey. Assists in
processing lactose.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Alveolar ridge - -The ridges on the upper and lower jaw where infant's
teeth will grow.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Alveolus, alveoli - -Secrete and store milk for let down. Surrounded by
myoepithelial cells, contractile cells and connective tissue.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 80.
-Amenorrhea - -A natural phase of infertility that takes place when a mother
is exclusively breastfeeding. Menstruation has not returned.
,Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 707 &865.
-Amoxicillin - -Antibiotic, L2. Observe for change in intestinal flora,
compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 177.
-Ampicillin - -Antibiotic, L1. Observe for change in intestinal flora,
compatible.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 177.
-Anaphylaxis - -Hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting
from sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anaphylaxis.
-Anchor scar - -Surgical technique for breast reduction, slang.
-Ankyglossia - -A tongue tie. Characterized by a thick, short, or tight
frenulum under the tongue. Can cause breastfeeding issues, such as a
painful latch or inefficient milk transfer.
-Anterior pituitary - -This gland releases prolactin into the blood effecting
milk production and ejection. It is susceptible to stress.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 91.
-Anthrax - -Infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium
(Bacillus anthrax), characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions
in the lungs.
Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary.
www.merriam-webster.com/medical/anthrax.
-Antibody - -Immunoglobulin formed in response to an antigen, including
bacteria and viruses. Antibodies attack those bacteria or viruses helping the
body resist infection.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Antigen - -Substance that stimulates antibody production. May be dust,
food, or bacteria.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
, -Apgar score - -Index to evaluate the condition of a newborn infant based
on a rating of 0, 1, or 2 for color, heart rate, reflex response, muscle tone,
and respiration with 10 being a perfect score.
Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
www.merriam-webster.com/medical/apgar%20score.
-Apocrine gland - -Sweat glands located on the areola that secrete a scent.
Mannel, Martens & Walker, 2008. Core Curriculum for Lactation Consultant
Practice (2nd ed.), page 197-198.
-Apoptosis - -Programmed normal cell death.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Applied research - -Research that focuses on solving or finding an answer
to a clinical or practical problem.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Areola - -The darker pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple. Contains
sebaceous glands (Montgomery Glands)
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Aspirin - -Salicylate analgesic, L3. Use associated with Reye's Syndrome in
infants.
Hale, 2010. Medications and Mother's Milk (14th ed.), page 87.
-Atopic eczema - -Inherited allergic tendency to skin rashes or
inflammation. Exclusively breastfed infants are less likely to develop as cow's
milk protein is a common allergen.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 863.
-Autocrine control - -The point in lactation when milk supply is controlled by
milk removal. Local control in the breast.
Riordan & Wambach, 2010. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation (4th ed.),
page 92.
-Autonomy - -The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-
coerced decision.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy#Medicine.
-Average - -The middle value of a data set. Add all the numbers and divided
by the amount of numbers in the set.
Wikipedia. Available online: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average.
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