CBT Exam 1
What is CBT? - correct answer - cognitive behavioral therapy is a collaborative, short
term and goal oriented psychotherapy treatment that offers a hands on, practical
approach to problem solving - your therapist acts like a coach teaching you how to be
your own therapist
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a form of psychological treatment that explores the
links between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It is a goal-oriented, time-based,
structured treatment that is effective for a range of mental illnesses such as anxiety
disorders and depression.
CBT diamond - correct answer It starts with a distressing situation/trigger → which
causes a person to have negative thoughts → this causes negative emotions and
physical distress → which leads to negative behaviors.
The Core Process of CBT - correct answer What we think influences how we feel. In
CBT we can practice new ways of thinking. Learning is the Core of CBT, it intervenes at
the though or behavior to help alter the situational outcome.
Therapists function like personal teachers
Importance of Theory and Principles - correct answer Therapist
- skills and interventions
1900's: Theory over Evidence - correct answer In the 1900's psychologists typically
had a theory, which they backed with dissemination (treating), which would then
become evidence.
Evidence often meant anecdotes.
EX:
Theory- goose butts make good pillows
Dissemination- create these pillows
Theory- We got a 5 star review so we must be correct
2000's- Clinical Science - correct answer - Every cause and intervention is tested with
the Scientific method
Theory → Evidence → Dissemination
- Evidence is valid, reliable assessments and experiments
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) - correct answer - "Evidence-based
Practice" becomes centrally important
- In 1998 the APA develops official criteria
Approaches whose efficacy has been demonstrated and documented through research
that meets standards for research on psychotherapy.
Why is psychotherapy research is important? - correct answer - Shows that therapy is
beneficial to people in dependable ways
,- Educates insurance companies about therapy and why it is worth paying for
- Protects people from useless and harmful treatments
- allows us to improve therapy and determine what works best
What are the psychotherapy research factors one can examine as suggested by G.
Paul? - correct answer What Treatment (intervention), By Whom (Therapist) is most
effective (optimal) for this individual (client) with that specific Problem (target) under
which set of circumstances (context), and HOW (Intervention Mechanism and Style of
delivery) does it come about?
Treatment Outcome Research - correct answer Efficacy
- Whether treatments can work under highly controlled experimental conditions and
procedures (in a lab)
- Effin' Casey the lab dog → "I have no idea what I am doing"
Effectiveness
- Whether therapy works in the real world, uncontrolled (in a community clinic)
- CBT is effective
Efficacy - correct answer - Whether treatments can work under highly controlled
experimental conditions and procedures (in a lab)
- Effin' Casey the lab dog → "I have no idea what I am doing"
Effectiveness - correct answer - Whether therapy works in the real world, uncontrolled
(in a community clinic)
- CBT is effective
Outcome Research Designs - correct answer Single Case design
Open trials
RCT
Single case design - correct answer study that follows only one or a few participants
over a period of time, with an emphasis on systematic collection of data
- Vary presence of treatment and lack of treatment to demonstrate change in a few
cases (no TX → TX → no TX// did symptoms lessen, then increase?)
Open Trials - correct answer - No comparison group
- cheaply, quickly demonstrate possible symptom improvements and feasibility of
treatment
---- can it actually be carried out?
Randomized Control Trial (RCT) - correct answer - A true experiment
- Everything is kept the same between conditions except the treatment
What must be controlled for? - correct answer Placebo effect
Spontaneous Remission
Expectancy
, Therapist Interaction Time
Placebo effect - correct answer Experimental results caused by expectations alone;
any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition,
which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
Spontaneous Remission - correct answer Getting better with the passage of time
without receiving any therapy.
Expectancy - correct answer belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a
particular level of performance
Therapist Interaction Time - correct answer The amount of time spent in therapy
RCT Comparisons - correct answer --Waitlist
--Treatment as Usual
--Head-to-Head Comparison
Waitlist - correct answer Compare people who are waiting to get TX
Treatment-as-Usual (TAU) - correct answer A phrase used in research studies to
describe treatment that is being delivered as it is typically delivered in a real-world
setting. TAU is often compared with a new treatment that is hypothesized as being more
effective or efficacious.
Head-to-Head comparison - correct answer - Remission rates were significantly better
after CBT than psychodynamic in treating social anxiety disorder
Systematic Review - correct answer summarized findings from multiple studies of a
specific clinical practice question or topic that recommend practice changes and future
directions for research; one of the strongest sources of evidence for evidence-based
practice
Meta-Analysis - correct answer a procedure for statistically combining the results of
many different research studies
Treatment Fidelity - correct answer The extent to which an intervention plan is
implemented as planned and prescribed.
Researcher Allegiance Bias - correct answer In and RCT, researchers favor one Tx.
Research assistants predict RCT outcome
Therapist Adherence - correct answer how well a therapist delivers a particular type of
therapy
What is CBT? - correct answer - cognitive behavioral therapy is a collaborative, short
term and goal oriented psychotherapy treatment that offers a hands on, practical
approach to problem solving - your therapist acts like a coach teaching you how to be
your own therapist
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a form of psychological treatment that explores the
links between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It is a goal-oriented, time-based,
structured treatment that is effective for a range of mental illnesses such as anxiety
disorders and depression.
CBT diamond - correct answer It starts with a distressing situation/trigger → which
causes a person to have negative thoughts → this causes negative emotions and
physical distress → which leads to negative behaviors.
The Core Process of CBT - correct answer What we think influences how we feel. In
CBT we can practice new ways of thinking. Learning is the Core of CBT, it intervenes at
the though or behavior to help alter the situational outcome.
Therapists function like personal teachers
Importance of Theory and Principles - correct answer Therapist
- skills and interventions
1900's: Theory over Evidence - correct answer In the 1900's psychologists typically
had a theory, which they backed with dissemination (treating), which would then
become evidence.
Evidence often meant anecdotes.
EX:
Theory- goose butts make good pillows
Dissemination- create these pillows
Theory- We got a 5 star review so we must be correct
2000's- Clinical Science - correct answer - Every cause and intervention is tested with
the Scientific method
Theory → Evidence → Dissemination
- Evidence is valid, reliable assessments and experiments
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) - correct answer - "Evidence-based
Practice" becomes centrally important
- In 1998 the APA develops official criteria
Approaches whose efficacy has been demonstrated and documented through research
that meets standards for research on psychotherapy.
Why is psychotherapy research is important? - correct answer - Shows that therapy is
beneficial to people in dependable ways
,- Educates insurance companies about therapy and why it is worth paying for
- Protects people from useless and harmful treatments
- allows us to improve therapy and determine what works best
What are the psychotherapy research factors one can examine as suggested by G.
Paul? - correct answer What Treatment (intervention), By Whom (Therapist) is most
effective (optimal) for this individual (client) with that specific Problem (target) under
which set of circumstances (context), and HOW (Intervention Mechanism and Style of
delivery) does it come about?
Treatment Outcome Research - correct answer Efficacy
- Whether treatments can work under highly controlled experimental conditions and
procedures (in a lab)
- Effin' Casey the lab dog → "I have no idea what I am doing"
Effectiveness
- Whether therapy works in the real world, uncontrolled (in a community clinic)
- CBT is effective
Efficacy - correct answer - Whether treatments can work under highly controlled
experimental conditions and procedures (in a lab)
- Effin' Casey the lab dog → "I have no idea what I am doing"
Effectiveness - correct answer - Whether therapy works in the real world, uncontrolled
(in a community clinic)
- CBT is effective
Outcome Research Designs - correct answer Single Case design
Open trials
RCT
Single case design - correct answer study that follows only one or a few participants
over a period of time, with an emphasis on systematic collection of data
- Vary presence of treatment and lack of treatment to demonstrate change in a few
cases (no TX → TX → no TX// did symptoms lessen, then increase?)
Open Trials - correct answer - No comparison group
- cheaply, quickly demonstrate possible symptom improvements and feasibility of
treatment
---- can it actually be carried out?
Randomized Control Trial (RCT) - correct answer - A true experiment
- Everything is kept the same between conditions except the treatment
What must be controlled for? - correct answer Placebo effect
Spontaneous Remission
Expectancy
, Therapist Interaction Time
Placebo effect - correct answer Experimental results caused by expectations alone;
any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition,
which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
Spontaneous Remission - correct answer Getting better with the passage of time
without receiving any therapy.
Expectancy - correct answer belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a
particular level of performance
Therapist Interaction Time - correct answer The amount of time spent in therapy
RCT Comparisons - correct answer --Waitlist
--Treatment as Usual
--Head-to-Head Comparison
Waitlist - correct answer Compare people who are waiting to get TX
Treatment-as-Usual (TAU) - correct answer A phrase used in research studies to
describe treatment that is being delivered as it is typically delivered in a real-world
setting. TAU is often compared with a new treatment that is hypothesized as being more
effective or efficacious.
Head-to-Head comparison - correct answer - Remission rates were significantly better
after CBT than psychodynamic in treating social anxiety disorder
Systematic Review - correct answer summarized findings from multiple studies of a
specific clinical practice question or topic that recommend practice changes and future
directions for research; one of the strongest sources of evidence for evidence-based
practice
Meta-Analysis - correct answer a procedure for statistically combining the results of
many different research studies
Treatment Fidelity - correct answer The extent to which an intervention plan is
implemented as planned and prescribed.
Researcher Allegiance Bias - correct answer In and RCT, researchers favor one Tx.
Research assistants predict RCT outcome
Therapist Adherence - correct answer how well a therapist delivers a particular type of
therapy
