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Pepperdine PSY 657 Exam 1 ( )With Complete Questions and Answers
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Pepperdine PSY 657 Exam 1 (2023-2024 )With CompleteQuestions and Answers
Abnormal Psychology - ANSWER Concerned with understanding causes and
treatments
Mental Disorder - ANSWER A syndrome present that involves clinically
significant disturbance in behavior, emotion regulation, or cognitive functioning.
Believed to be a dysfunction in biological, psychological, or developmental
processes.
Psychopathology - ANSWER Scientific study of mental disorder
Comorbidity - ANSWER Presence of 2 or more disorders in the same person.
Acute - ANSWER Short in duration
Chronic - ANSWER Long in duration
Mild, Moderate, Severe - ANSWER Relates to size & severity of a disorder
Episodic - ANSWER A disorder that tends to abate and recur.
Recurrent - ANSWER Disorder pattern that comes and goes.
Epidemiology - ANSWER Deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible
control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
Prevalence - ANSWER The fact or condition of being prevalent; commonness.
Lifetime Prevalence - ANSWER Number of people who have had a particular
disorder at any time in their lives (even if they are now recovered).
Incidence - ANSWER Number of new cases that occur over a given period of time
(typically 1 year).
Correlation Study - ANSWER involves studying the world as it is. Does not
involve any manipulation of variables.
Experimental Study - ANSWER involves the manipulation of a given factor or
variable with everything else held constant.
Case Study - ANSWER An in-depth examination of an individual or family that
,draws from a number of data sources, including interviews and psychological
testing.
Validity - Internal - ANSWER The extent to which a study is methodologically
sound, free of confounds, or other sources of error, and able to be used to draw
valid conclusions.
Validity - External - ANSWER The extent to which we can generalize our findings
beyond the study itself.
Hippocrates - ANSWER Father of modern medicine; He denied that deities and
demons intervened in the development of illnesses and instead insisted that
mental disorders had natural causes and appropriate treatments.
Brain was the central organ of intellectual activity.
Mental disorders were due to brain pathology.
Emphasized the importance of heredity and predisposition and injuries to the
head could cause sensory and motor disorders.
Classified all mental disorders into three general categories—mania, melancholia,
and phrenitis.
Plato - ANSWER Viewed psychological phenomena as responses of the whole
organism, reflecting its internal state and natural appetites.
Emphasized the importance of individual differences in intellectual and other
abilities and took into account socio cultural influences in shaping thinking and
behavior.
Galen - ANSWER Made a number of original contributions concerning the
anatomy of the nervous system based on dissections of animals.
Took a scientific approach to the field, dividing the causes of psychological
disorders into physical and mental categories.
Causes he named were injuries to the head, excessive use of alcohol, shock, fear,
adolescence, menstrual changes, economic reversals, and disappointment in love.
Mass Madness - ANSWER Wide-spread occurrence of group behavior disorders
that were apparently cases of hysteria (i.e. dancing mania).
Exorcism - ANSWER Primary type of treatment for demonic possession, which
included techniques for casting an evil spirit out. These techniques varied but
, typically included magic, prayer, incantation, noisemaking, and trepanation,
which involved carving or boring holes in the person's head in order to let out the
evil spirits inside.
Witchcraft - ANSWER People in Middle Ages with mental disturbances were
accused of being witches and were punished/killed. The confusion between
witchcraft and mental illness may be due to the confusion about demonic
possession.
Humanistic Approaches - ANSWER Views human nature as basically "good." Less
attention is paid to the unconscious process/past.
Emphasizes present conscious processes and places strong emphasis on people's
inherent capacity for responsible self-direction.
Perspective is concerned with processes such as love, hope, creativity, meaning,
personal growth, and self-fulfillment.
Emphasis is on the importance of individuality.
Asylum - ANSWER (often referred to as "madhouses") A place of refuge meant
solely for the care of people with mental illness.
Asylums were initially created to remove from the community troublesome
individuals who could not care for themselves.
Usually horrible conditions.
Pinel's Experiment - ANSWER French physician who instituted the removal of
chains from some of the patients as an experiment to test his views that people
with mental illness should be treated with kindness and consideration—as sick
people, not as criminals or dangerous animals.
Chains were removed; sunny rooms were provided; patients were permitted to
exercise on the hospital grounds; and kindness was extended to these patients.
Moral Management - ANSWER Treatment method that focused on a patient's
social, individual, and occupational needs. Emphasized the patients' moral and
spiritual development and the rehabilitation of their "character" rather than their
physical or mental disorders.
The treatment or rehabilitation of the physical or mental disorders was usually
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