BIO 100 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What property of DNA evidence makes it very useful in a criminal investigation? - Correct Answer-It is unique to every organism
What stabilizes the complimentary base pairs in a DNA molecule? - Correct Answer-
hydrogen bonds
Why was the double helix model of DNA exciting to the scientific community? - Correct Answer-it explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the complementary strands
Most genes come in alternative forms called: - Correct Answer-alleles
In humans, genes make up what percentage of DNA? - Correct Answer-less than 5
The highest percentage of non-coding DNA is found in: - Correct Answer-eukaryotes, with the exception of yeasts
What does the central dogma of molecular biology state? - Correct Answer-DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
The expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in two major steps. What are the
two steps in order? - Correct Answer-transcription, translation
DNA to protein involves which series of events - Correct Answer-transcription, translation
Where does transcription and translation occur within a eukaroytic cell? - Correct Answer-transcription= nucleus translation= cytoplasm
What are genotypes and phenotypes? - Correct Answer-Genotype: Genetic makeup or allele combinations
Phenotype: Physical appearance (visible traits) , made of genotypes
What is a difference between mRNA and DNA? - Correct Answer-mRNA can move throughout the cell, while DNA stays in the nucleus
mRNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.
What is transcription? - Correct Answer-The process of making RNA from DNA What is translation? - Correct Answer-the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
The three nonesense codons that do not code for any amino acid, UAA, UAG, and UGA, are also know as? - Correct Answer-stop codons
What is a frameshift mutation? - Correct Answer-mutation that shifts the "reading" frame
of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
What is a point mutation? - Correct Answer-a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
What important factor can influence mutation rates? - Correct Answer-size of gene, nucleotide sequence, spontaneous chemical changes
During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two strands of DNA are separated by: - Correct Answer-exposure to heat
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body cannot produce ________________, a chemical that allows cells to take up and break down sugar from the blood. - Correct Answer-insulin
what is recominant DNA - Correct Answer-DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
What does the term transgenic mean? - Correct Answer-The transfer of genetic material
from one species to a different species
What is gene therapy? - Correct Answer-the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
What is "golden rice"? - Correct Answer-Golden rice is rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce beta-carotene.
What is the Green Revolution? - Correct Answer-a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.
What are symptoms of vitamin A deficiency? - Correct Answer-Night blindness
Dryness of conjunctiva
Bitot spots (white patches of conjunctiva)
Ulcers on cornea
Blindness
What is CRISPR and its purpose? Ethics issues? - Correct Answer-natural segment of the genetic code found in prokaryotes: most bacteria and archaea have it
stands for "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats"
What property of DNA evidence makes it very useful in a criminal investigation? - Correct Answer-It is unique to every organism
What stabilizes the complimentary base pairs in a DNA molecule? - Correct Answer-
hydrogen bonds
Why was the double helix model of DNA exciting to the scientific community? - Correct Answer-it explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the complementary strands
Most genes come in alternative forms called: - Correct Answer-alleles
In humans, genes make up what percentage of DNA? - Correct Answer-less than 5
The highest percentage of non-coding DNA is found in: - Correct Answer-eukaryotes, with the exception of yeasts
What does the central dogma of molecular biology state? - Correct Answer-DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
The expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in two major steps. What are the
two steps in order? - Correct Answer-transcription, translation
DNA to protein involves which series of events - Correct Answer-transcription, translation
Where does transcription and translation occur within a eukaroytic cell? - Correct Answer-transcription= nucleus translation= cytoplasm
What are genotypes and phenotypes? - Correct Answer-Genotype: Genetic makeup or allele combinations
Phenotype: Physical appearance (visible traits) , made of genotypes
What is a difference between mRNA and DNA? - Correct Answer-mRNA can move throughout the cell, while DNA stays in the nucleus
mRNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.
What is transcription? - Correct Answer-The process of making RNA from DNA What is translation? - Correct Answer-the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
The three nonesense codons that do not code for any amino acid, UAA, UAG, and UGA, are also know as? - Correct Answer-stop codons
What is a frameshift mutation? - Correct Answer-mutation that shifts the "reading" frame
of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
What is a point mutation? - Correct Answer-a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
What important factor can influence mutation rates? - Correct Answer-size of gene, nucleotide sequence, spontaneous chemical changes
During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two strands of DNA are separated by: - Correct Answer-exposure to heat
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body cannot produce ________________, a chemical that allows cells to take up and break down sugar from the blood. - Correct Answer-insulin
what is recominant DNA - Correct Answer-DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
What does the term transgenic mean? - Correct Answer-The transfer of genetic material
from one species to a different species
What is gene therapy? - Correct Answer-the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
What is "golden rice"? - Correct Answer-Golden rice is rice that has had genes from other organisms added to it. These genes produce beta-carotene.
What is the Green Revolution? - Correct Answer-a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.
What are symptoms of vitamin A deficiency? - Correct Answer-Night blindness
Dryness of conjunctiva
Bitot spots (white patches of conjunctiva)
Ulcers on cornea
Blindness
What is CRISPR and its purpose? Ethics issues? - Correct Answer-natural segment of the genetic code found in prokaryotes: most bacteria and archaea have it
stands for "clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats"
