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NR 546 Week 2 Discussion 2023/2024 | 100% Correct Verified

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NR 546 Week 2 Discussion 2023/2024 | 100% Correct Verified Assigned neurotransmitter: Dopamine 1. Write a 3-5 sentence paraphrased summary of the assigned neurotransmitters' purpose and function Dopamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain that acts as a chemical messenger between t...

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  • September 12, 2023
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NR 546 Week 2 Discussion 2023/2024 | 100% Correct
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Assigned neurotransmitter: Dopamine

1. Write a 3-5 sentence paraphrased summary of the assigned neurotransmitters'

purpose and function

Dopamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain that acts as a chemical

messenger between the nerve cells of the brain and the rest of the body.

Dopamine plays a role in the “reward center” of the brain and in other functions

such as movement, memory, pleasure and reward, motivation, attention, sleep,

mood, and learning. It is often referred to as the “feel-good” neurotransmitter as

it gives a sense of pleasure and the motivation to do something when

experiencing the pleasurable feeling. As part of the “reward system”, it is

thought that, from an evolutionary standpoint, dopamine provides a good

feeling as a reward for doing things necessary for survival such as eating,

drinking, reproducing, and competing for survival. When a person does

something perceived as pleasurable, a large amount of dopamine is released

from the brain causing the “feel good” feeling that causes you to seek more of

that feeling, something that may play a role in addiction (Cleveland Clinic, 2020).




2. Link dopamine to a psychiatric diagnosis

Dopamine is most commonly linked to schizophrenia through the dopamine

hypothesis which states that the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

(hallucinations and delusion) are caused by too much dopamine in parts of the
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, brain and the negative/cognitive symptoms (flat affect, lack of emotion, lack of

motivation, etc.) are caused by not having enough dopamine in other parts of the

brain (Cleveland Clinic, 2020).

The ability of dopamine, and the excess or lack of it, to be responsible for both

the positive and negative/cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia is due to there

being two groups of dopamine receptors in the brain. The D2-like receptors are

inhibitory, and the D1-like receptors are excitatory which allows dopamine to be

both depending on which receptor subtype it binds to (Stahl, 2021b).

There are several dopamine pathways in the brain, however, the mesolimbic

pathway (in theory) is the most relevant when it comes to linking dopamine and

schizophrenia as the dopamine that utilizes this pathway is thought to play an

essential role in several “normal” emotional behaviors that include motivation,

pleasure, and reward (Stahl, 2021b). Too much dopamine in this pathway is

believed to be responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (often

referred to as psychosis) and too little dopamine in this pathway is thought to

cause the negative/cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia such as anhedonia,

apathy, and lack of energy (Stahl, 2021b).

Clinical imaging has been able to provide strong support for the dopamine

hypothesis of schizophrenia. These imaging studies measure the radioligand

displacement from dopamine receptors as a measure of dopamine activity and

showed that patients with schizophrenia have an increased dopamine release

when compared to healthy control individuals and that an elevated striatal



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