MSN 610-module 2 - Lymph nodes QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MSN 610-module 2 - Lymph nodes QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS lymph general - ANSWER lymph nodes lie is the subcutaneous connective tissues and deepr nodes lie beneath the fascia of the muscle and within various body cavities nodes are numerous and tiny but some of them ahve diameters large of 0.5 to 1 cm. Readily accessible to inspection and palpations they provide some of the earliest clues to the presence of infection or malignancies Lymph drainage of lower Extremities - ANSWER superior superficial inguinal nodesdeep sublingual nodes- inferior superficial inguinal nodes-great saphenous lymphatic vessels -popliteal nodes- small saphenous lymphatic vessels lymph nodes in axillary vessels - ANSWER subclavian-central axillary- brachialsubscrapular-external mammary-mammary Lymphatic drainage of the female Gi tract - ANSWER common iliac nodes-external iliac nodes-deep inguinal nodes-superficial inguinal nodes- obturator nodes-internal iliac nodes-preaortic nodes. Lymph from the upper extremity to subclavian lymphatic trunk - ANSWER brachial nodes-epitrochlear nodes-radial lymphatic vessels- ulnar lymphatic vessels-median lymphatic vessels lymphatic drainage of breast - ANSWER supraclavicular-subclavian-central axillarybrachial-subscapular-external mammary-internal mammary-mammary Lymph nodes involved with the ear - ANSWER preauricular- parotid-internal jugular chain-retropharyngeal-sternomastoid-posterior auricular Lymph nodes involved with the tongue - ANSWER submandibular-submentalsublingual-suprahyoid- thyrolinguogacial- internal jugular chain lymph nodes of the neck - ANSWER submandibular- submental-suprahyroidthyrolinguofacial- anterior deep an dsuperficial cervical-posterior superficial cervical - anterior jugular- supraclavicular-posterior cervical spinal nerve chain-occiptialretropharyngeal lymph nodes most accessible to inspection/palpation - ANSWER the necklace of nodes. acute lymphangitis - ANSWER inflammation one or more lymphatic vessel p- pathogenic organism enter the lymphatic vessles directly through wounds as complication of infection and produce a local inflammatory response. s-enlarged lymph nodes, pain, fever, minor trauma to distal skin o- red streaks in the skin after course of lymphatic collecting ducts appear as tracing rather fine lines streaking up the extremity. sometimes palpable to gentle touch, acute suppurative lymphadenitis - ANSWER infection of inflammation of lymph node may affect a single or localized node p-group a beta-hemolytic streptococci and coagulase positive staphylococcus infection. lymph nodes enlarge due to because of cellular inflitration and edema. s- enlarged lymph nodes, pain from enlarged lymph nodes o-involved nodes usually firm in tender, overlying tissues add me to skin appears erythematous usually within 72 hours, when abscesses form it is extensive nodes fluctuant, micro bacterial adenitis characterized by inflammation without warmth that may or may not slightly be tender. lymphedema - ANSWER edematous swelling due to excessive accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues caused by inadequate lymph drainage p- results of protein rich interstitial volume overload secondary to lymph drainage failure. increase blood capillary hydrostatic pressure= decreased plasma protein concentration increase blood permeability and blockage of lymph return s-painless swelling of limb, onset gradual, hx of trauma surgery or radiation to regional areas o- falling and oftent grotesque distortion of extremities, lymphoedema may or may not pit, overlying sing eventually thickens and feels though, primary lyphoedema often apparent at birth. Lymphangioma/cystic hygroma - ANSWER congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics p- results from failure of compete development and subsequent obstruction of lymphatic system commonly found in the neck. s- painless cystic masses usually manifest during the first year of life, often in large after an upper respiratory infection. asymptomatic one in the posterior triangle of the neck. o- soft nontender easily compressible spongy fluid containing mass without discrete margins. most present at birth in neck .can distort face and neck. lymphatic filariasis - ANSWER massive accumulation of lymphedema throughout the body, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema worldwide. p- results from widespread inflammation and obstruction of lymphatics by the filaria worm, transmitted by mosquitoes, adequate drainage is prevented and the patient becomes more suceptible to infection. elephantitis often incorreclty used s- swelling in the limb or body area traveled to infected areas such as asia africa, india an philippines. many asymptomatic but some may but some may develop fever with lymphangitis and lymphadenitis chronci pulmonary infection in progressive lymphoedema o- lymphoedema of the entire arm or leg the genital regions, diagnosis can be made by identification of microfile microscopically n the blood. non-hodgkins lymphoma - ANSWER malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system and the reticuloendothelial tissues p- occurs often in lymph nodes in the chest neck abdomen tonsils and skin they may also develop insight other than lymph nodes such as the digestive tract, cns, . s-painless enlarged lymph nodes, fever weight loss night, sweats o- notes b nodes may be localized in the posterior cervical triangle or maybe committed crossing into the interior triangle, nodes usually well define and solid cannot distinguish the findings of these conditions from hodgkins