Class notes
Political Ideologies - Nationalism Unit
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Full notes for this unit of the Edexcel A Level in Government and Politics
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NATIONALISM1. The Nation
2. Organic Community
3. Self Determination
4. Culturalism
5. Nationalism and Politics
6. Liberal Nationalism
7. Conservative Nationalism
Is it an ideology?
- Sometimes classified as a political doctrine rather than ideology
- (Liberalism, conservatism and socialism constitute complex sets of interrelated ideas and values
whereas nationalism is the belief that the nation is a natural unit of govt)
- BUT it focuses on ‘classical’ political nationalism and ignores the manifestation of nationalism
like cultural and ethic nationalism.
Core feature of nationalism:
- Its broader link to movements and ideas that acknowledge the central importance to political life
of the nation
Nationalism is sometimes portrayed as a psychological phenomenon: loyalty towards one
nation or dislike of other nations rather than a theoretical construct
- Key feature of nationalism is its emotional appeal
Nationalism has a schizophrenic political character:
- Nationalism has been progressive and reactionary, democratic and authoritarian, rational and
irrational and left/right wing.
- Closely associated with major ideological traditions
The Nation
Political Nationalism: Regards the nation as a natural political community, usually expressed
through the idea of national self determination
Cultural Nationalism: Places primary emphasis on the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive
civilisation rather than on self govt
Ethnic Nationalism: Fuelled primarily be a keen sense of ethnic distinctiveness and the desire to
preserve it
Basic Belief: Nation should be central principle of political organisation.
- Confusion on what nations are and how they can be defined
- Political disputes over whether groups should be a nation and whether they have rights and sta-
tus attached to nationhood (Tibetans - China, Palestinians )
Nations are cultural entities, collections of people bound by shared values and traditions,
same geographical area, common language, religion and history.
- Nation can be defined by objective factors
- There is no objective criteria that can establish where and when a nation exists
Language is often taken to be clearest symbol of nationhood
- Language embodies distinctive attitudes, values and forms of expression that produce a sense
of belonging.
- EG. German nationalism was founded on cultural unity, reflected in german language
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