nurs 611 exam 1 patho actual exam 2 latest version
Written for
NURS 611
All documents for this subject (424)
Seller
Follow
DrTOPNOTCH
Reviews received
Content preview
NURS 611 EXAM 1 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM 2
LATEST VERSIONS 2023-2024 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Version 1
1. It is true that a eukaryotic cell:
A Is smaller than a prokaryotic cell.
B Contains structures called organelles.
C Lacks a well-defined nucleus.
D Does not contain histones.
Eukaryotic cells contain organelles and histones, they have a well-defined nucleus, and are
larger than prokaryotic cells.
2. The function of a histone found in a eukaryote cell focuses on cellular:
A Division
B Movement
C Activities
D Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) folding
The histones are binding proteins that cause the supercoiling of DNA into chromosomes and do
not affect cellular division, movement, or activities.
3. An organelle that is responsible for the metabolism of cellular energy is referred to as
a/an:
A Golgi complex
B Mitochondrion
C Endoplasmic reticulum
D Nucleolus
Mitochondria play a role in cellular metabolism, cellular respiration, and energy production. The
Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins from the endoplasmic
reticulum, where they are synthesized. The nucleolus is a small, dense structure that contains
the ribonucleic acid (RNA), DNA, and DNA-binding proteins.
1
,4. Which statement best describes a desmosome?
A A desmosome is a barrier to diffusion.
B Desmosomes hold cells together by continuous bands.
C A desmosome is a communicating tunnel.
D Desmosomes function as a zona occludens.
2
,The desmosome is a type of cell junction. The other two types include tight junctions and gap
junctions. Desmosomes hold cells together by forming a continuous band of epithelial tissue or
belt (or button like) points of contact. They are also a source of structural stability. Tight
junctions serve as barriers to diffusion and prevent the movement of substances through
transport proteins. Gap junctions are clusters of communicating tunnels.
5. Which statement describes the function of a second messenger?
A Extracellular ligand that binds with membrane-bound receptors
B Intracellular enzyme that once will trigger a cascade of intracellular events
C Chemical messenger that opens specific channels in the cell membrane
D Chemical messenger that blocks a membrane-bound receptor signal
The binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor triggers the activation of intracellular second
messengers. Second messengers activate signal transduction pathways in the cell that can
initiate different intracellular events. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calcium
(Ca++) are the two major second-messenger pathways. First messengers are the extracellular
ligands that bind to cell surface receptors. Binding of first messengers can result in the opening
or closing of specific cell membrane channels or the activation of second messengers.
6. Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
A Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
B Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
C Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
D Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. This is the mechanism by which the
energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to ATP. Glycolysis is a
process that breaks down glucose molecules; it produces a net of two ATP molecules.
Oxidation is a process during which a pair of electrons are removed and transferred. Oxidative
cellular metabolism involves 10 biochemical reactions. Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the
absence of oxygen. Aerobic means in the presence of oxygen.
Awarded 0.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
3
, 7. Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration is called:
A Diffusion
B Filtration
C Osmosis
D Hydrostatic pressure
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water down a concentration gradient from an area
of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Filtration is the movement
of water and solute through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure on one side of
the membrane than the other. Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing
against a cell membrane.
8. Which of the following is an example of an energy-releasing process?
A Anabolism
B Catabolism
C Substrate-induced reaction
D Second messenger system
Catabolism is an energy-releasing process. The energy-using process is anabolism. A substrate
is a specific substance that is converted to a product in the reaction. A second messenger is a
“passiton signal.” This occurs when a first messenger activates a receptor that then triggers a
pass-it-on signal.
9. Which of the following describes the term chemotaxis?
A Uses the second messenger system
B Cellular signal affecting the cell of origin
C Movement of cells along a chemical gradient
D Ligands bind with receptors, triggering a second reaction
Chemotaxis is cellular movement along a chemical gradient caused by chemical attraction.
Autostimulation is when a cell releases a signal that actually affects the cell of origin. A pass-it-
on signal is a description for a second messenger system. A second messenger system is a
means by which a ligand binds with receptors of a membrane system and then triggers a
second system or reaction.
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller DrTOPNOTCH. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $20.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
