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NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
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NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY
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NURS 611 EXAM 4 PATHO ACTUAL EXAM TESTBANK 2023-2024 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (MARYVILLE UNIVERSITY)
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. The initial reproductive structures of the male and female embryos appear the same until
which week of gestation?
a. Third c. Twentieth
b. Eighth d. Thirtieth
ANS: B
Between 6 and 7 weeks’ gestation, the male embryo differentiates under the influence of testes-
determining factor (TDF). In the absence of testosterone, a loss of the wolffian system occurs
and the two gonads develop into ovaries at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation.
2. The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian
system) in utero?
a. Estrogen c. Growth hormone
b. Progesterone d. Testosterone
ANS: D
In the absence of testosterone, a loss of the wolffian system occurs and the two gonads develop
into ovaries at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation. Between 6 and 7 weeks’ gestation, the male embryo
differentiates under the influence of TDF. The presence of estrogen is a determinating factor.
None of the other options function as a major determinant to sexual differentiation in utero.
3. Which gland produces the associated hormones that are found in high levels in a female fetus?
a) Posterior pituitary excretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH).
b) Hypothalamus excretes luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH).
c) Anterior pituitaryfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
d) Hypothalamus excretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH).
ANS: C
In the female fetus, the anterior pituitary excretes high levels of two gonadotropins—FSH and
LH. The other sequences are not correct.
,4. Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?
a. Inhibin c. Activin
b. Leptin d. Follistatin
ANS: B
Sensitivity to leptin, which regulates appetite and energy metabolism, increases during puberty;
in theory, the adolescent consumes more calories to meet the caloric needs of the pubertal growth
spurt. The percent of body fat and leptin levels in girls continue to increase, whereas muscle
mass increases in boys. No apparent link exists between increased appetite during puberty and
any of the other options.
5. The Skene glands are located on either side of which structure?
a. Introitus c. Clitoris
b. Urinary meatus d. Vestibule
ANS: B
The ducts of the Skene glands (also called the lesser vestibular or paraurethral glands) are
related only to the urinary meatus.
6. What is the function of the mucus secreted by the Bartholin glands?
a) Enhancement of the motility of sperm
b) Lubrication of the urinary meatus and vestibule
c) Maintenance of an acid-base balance to discourage proliferation of pathogenic bacteria
d) Enhancement of the size of the penis during intercourse
ANS: A
In response to sexual stimulation, the Bartholin glands secrete mucus that serves only to lubricate
the inner labial surfaces, as well as to enhance the viability and motility of sperm.
7. Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection?
a) The pH stabilizes between 7 and 8.
b) A thin squamous epithelial lining develops.
c) V aginal pH becomes more acidic.
d) Estrogen levels are low.
,ANS: C
At puberty, the pH becomes more acidic (4 to 5) and the squamous epithelial lining thickens.
These changes are maintained until menopause (cessation of menstruation), at which time the pH
rises again to more alkaline levels and the epithelium thins out. Therefore protection from
infection is greatest during the years when a woman is most likely to be sexually active. Estrogen
does not play a role in infection protection.
8. What happens to the vagina’s lining at puberty?
a) It becomes thinner. c. It assumes a neutral pH.
b) It becomes thicker. d. It undergoes atrophy.
ANS: B
Before puberty, vaginal pH is approximately 7 (neutral) and the vaginal epithelium is thin. At
puberty, the pH becomes more acidic (4 to 5) and the squamous epithelial lining thickens. Cell
atrophy is not associated with puberty.
9. Which structure is lined with columnar epithelial cells?
a. Perimetrium c. Myometrium
b. Endocervical canal d. Vagina
ANS: B
Of the available options, only the endocervical canal does not have an endometrial layer; rather,
the layer is lined with columnar epithelial cells.
10. Where is the usual site of fertilization of an ovum?
a) Trumpet end of the fallopian tubes c. Ampulla of the fallopian tubes
b) Fimbriae of the fallopian tubes d. Os of the fallopian tubes
ANS: C
The ampulla, or distal third, of the fallopian tube is the usual site of fertilization
11. Where is the usual site of cervical dysplasia or cancer in situ?
a) Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the cuboidal epithelium of the vagina.
b) Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the uterus.
c) Squamous epithelium of the cervix meets the columnar epithelium of the uterus.
d) Columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the vagina.
ANS: D
The point at which the columnar epithelium of the cervix meets the squamous epithelium of the
vagina is called the transformation zone or the squamous-columnar junction. The transformation
zone is especially susceptible to the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), which leads to
, cervical dysplasia and, ultimately, cervical cancer; these are the cells sampled during a
Papanicolaou (Pap) test.
12. Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle develops into a(n):
a) Atretic follicle c. Corpus luteum
b) Thecal follicle d. Functional scar
ANS: C
Having ejected a mature ovum, the only resulting structure is the corpus luteum.
13. The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?
a. IgA c. IgG
b. IgE d. IgM
ANS: A
Mucosal secretions from the cervix contain enzymes and antibodies—predominantly IgA.
14. The equivalent to the female gonad is the male:
a) Epididymis c. Vas deferens
b) Spermatic cord d. Testes
ANS: D
Between 6 to 7 weeks’ gestation, the male embryo will differentiate under the influence of TDF.
TDF stimulates the male gonads to develop into the two testes. The ovaries, the female gonads,
are the primary female reproductive organs.
15. A surge of which hormone causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone?
a) Follicle stimulating hormone c. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
b) Luteinizing hormone d. Estrogen
ANS: B
Luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete
progesterone, the second major female sex hormone.
16. What directly causes ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
a) Gradual decrease in estrogen levels c. Sharp rise in progesterone levels
b) Sudden increase of LH d. Gradual increase in estrogen levels
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