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NUR 2063 NUR2063Essentials of Pathophysiology-Final Exam
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Rasmussen College, New Port Richey NUR 2063/ NUR2063:Essentials of Pathophysiology – Final Exam Review Sheet Covers
Material from Modules 1: ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT FALL-
2021 SOLUTION GUARANTEED GRADE A+
1. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Allostasis is the overall process of
adaptive change necessary
2. What is epidemiology? . Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes,
distribution, and control of disease in populations….Review the different levels of disease prevention such
as primary- pr eve nt ioni ntermsofi mpr ove
dnut rit
ion,economy ,hous ing, ands anit
a t
ion
Secondary- prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure tertiary-
prevention-once a disease becomes established, treatment
as well as examples for each. Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the
causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.
Primary- pr e venti oni ntermsofi mpr ove dnut ri
tion,ec onomy ,hous ing, andsani
tation… Secondary-
prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure… Tertiary prevention-
once a disease becomes established, treatment
3. Review the differences between the sympathetic vs the parasympathetic nervous systems. What
happens to the body during “fight-or-flight” response? Sympathetic- stressful stimulus and release of
norepinephrine. Parasympathetic-rest/relax
4. Review the functions of the various organelles of the cell such as the nucleus, mitochondria,
ribosome, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum- cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, has
ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. peroxisome- breakdown of
very long chain fatty acids through beta oxidation golgi apparatus- a complex of vesicles and
folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and
intracellular transport.protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized
proteins in vesicles to the
5. Review the difference between active and passive immunity, know examples for each type.
Active immunity -vaci nes -ocur swhe ni ndivi
dua lsareexpos edt oa nt
igen,whichc onfe r
slong-
ter
m pr
ote
cti
onbut
mayt akeseveralwekst odevelop.)and (Passive immunity-Newborns receive IgA antibodies through breast
milk. serotherapy, involves direct injection of antibodies into an unprotected person
, 6. What is edema?swelling Review the various factors that can contribute to edema-- heart
failure, kidney problems
7. What is a hypersensitivity? Review the four different types of hypersensitivities: Type I
(Anaphylactic)- (
IgE)immediate hypersensitivity, allergic reaction Type II (Cytotoxic)- ABO transfusion
reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, myasthenia gravis, hyperacute graft rejection, and
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, IgM or IgG. Type III (Immune complex)-- inflammatory reaction to
the antibody–antigen complex, , IgM and IgG, Immune complex- example Systemic Lupus E,
Type IV (Delayed cell-mediated)--- (Delayed cell-mediated- example tuberculin reaction. Know
examples and mediating factors for each type. Type IVa – Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Type IVa –
Tuberculin-Typ….. Know examples and mediating factors for each type.
8. Review the differences between benign and malignant tumors.
9. Review signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. epi
gas
tri
cbur
ningpa
int
hati
sus
ual
yre
lie
vedbyt
he
i
ntakeofood( especialyda iryproduc ts)ora nt
acids.GIbl
edi
ng,ma
yocuri
npa
tie
ntswi
thnowa
rni
ng
burning stomach pain, bloating or belching, Heartburn
10. Review signs and symptoms of appendicitis. Generalized periumbilical pain accompanied by nausea
n-“mi
and, & diarrhea. Pai grat
ing”orlocali
z i
ngtothelowerRIGHTa bdome n/// How do we assess for this
condition? Low fever, nausea, anorexia, RIGHT quad pain, elevate WBC, rebound pain or tenderness
at McBurney point
11. Review signs and symptoms of liver disease. Br uising,i nc re as edbl edi ngJ,a undi ce
,
Hepatomegaly, Spl e nome ga l
y , Varices, Anemia,We akne ss ,fa ti
gue ,a nor exia,we ightl oss,mus c l
e
was ting,f ever
,As c it
e s/Review complications of liver disease such as ascites- acumul ati
onof
flui
di nt hepe ritone a lc avity .hepatic encephalopathy— Confusion, subtle behavioral changes,
Drowsy, clear behavioral changes, flap present Stuporous, confusion, slurred speech, Coma TX.
Osmotic diuretics or antibiotics .. esophageal varices-- result of cirrhosis attributable to alcoholism or viral
hepatitis--- complication of portal hypertension…How are esophageal varices managed/treated? To
lower blood pressure and decrease risk of bleeding(control bleeding) -Propranolol . Nadolol
12. What role does albumin play in the blood? 60% of the total protein in the blood, keep fliud from leaking
out of blood vessels, nourishes tissues, and transports hormones, vitamins, drugs throughout the body. What
happens to albumin production with liver failure? Serum albumin is low in liver failure
13. What are the function of the kidneys? dr
aine
xce
sint
ers
tit
ialflui
dandpr
ote
insr
,e
gul
atebl
od
s
up l
yandr
eni
nre
le e
as,fil
tra
tionofwa
ter
-sol
ubl
esubs
tanc
es;(
2)r
eabs
orpt
ionoffil
ter
ednut
rie
nts
,
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