Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) Unit 1E - Russia, 1917-91: from Lenin to Yeltsin
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AS History Unit 2Russia, 1917 – 91: From Lenin to Yeltsin
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How accurate is it to say pp. 63-67, 70-75 The cult of Stalin created a
that, in the years 1928-53, figure that the people
The use of terror in the
the use of terror was the could trust, respect and
countryside including the
most significant factor in worship. Control was
requisitioning of grain and
the control of the achieved by inspiring
the liquidation of the
population of the loyalty to the leader. This
‘kulaks’ established
Soviet Union? was reinforced by Stalin’s
control over rural areas
(May 2017) successes in the Second
World War
Censorship ensured that
The purges and the show
unfavourable stories were
trials of the 1930s
not printed or broadcast,
enforced Stalin’s control
and that the achievements
over the party. This was
of the Soviet system were
reinforced by the 1949
promoted, which
purge of the Leningrad
encouraged support from
Party
the population
From 1937, the NKVD was Government control of
set targets for arrests, the education system and
executions and exiles. It the development of the
was vigorous in Komsomol ensured that
persecuting those young Soviet citizens were
identified as enemies. Fear thoroughly indoctrinated
of the NKVD encouraged with, and supported, the
denunciations from the ideals of the Soviet system
, public, which enforced
control
Control was achieved
through the
A network of gulags was
implementation of social
established where
benefits which won
inmates were subject to
support from sections of
the harsh conditions and
the population, e.g. social
forced labour. More than
security payments for
2 million died in the
some urban workers;
camps
higher education
opportunities for women.
In the 1940s, Beria’s mass
deportations of Kalmyks,
Tartars and Chechens
helped enforce control
over ethnic minorities.
To what extent did pp. 53-57 After 1958, the Virgin
The Virgin Lands scheme
Khrushchev’s economic lands scheme failed. The
was initially successful.
policies succeed in soils were unsuitable and
The opening up of new
improving agriculture in insufficient fertilisers were
agricultural lands
the Soviet Union in the provided to replenish the
contributed to a 50 per
years 1953-64? soil. The lands suffered
cent increase in the
(May 2017) from wind and dust
production of maize by
erosion. Consequently,
1958
production declined
State farms, created by Private plots were the
the merger of collective most productive part of
farms, were given the agriculture but
freedom to buy machinery Khrushchev refused to
, instead of hiring from the
really boost their role for
MTS. Larger farms made
fear of undermining
greater investment in
collective farming
agriculture possible
Greater productivity was
encouraged by the
Productivity remained
increase of prices for the
low. In 1963, the Soviet
state procurement of
Union had to import grain
agricultural produce and
from the capitalist West to
by permitting the sale of
compensate for shortages
produce from private
in its production
plots. This led to more
regular food supplies for
the population
The incomes of peasants The shortages of crop
working on the State harvests led to insufficient
farms rose at a faster rate supplies of animal fodder.
than any other sector of Millions of animals had to
the population. They be slaughtered as a
received a fixed wage and consequence. This led to a
social benefits that were shortage of meat for the
not available to peasants population.
on collective farms.
How accurate is it to say pp. 53-59 Khrushchev’s policies Central planning of a
that Khrushchev and were aimed at the Soviet economy remained
Brezhnev implemented achievement of the key emphasis under
very different policies in communism by 1980; both Khrushchev and
their management of the Brezhnev abandoned this Brezhnev
economy in the years aim and replaced it with
1953-82? the goal of achieving
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