Exam (elaborations)
UCI Bio 93- Midterm 1 Exam 2023
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UCI Bio 93- Midterm 1 Exam 2023...
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UCI Bio 93- Midterm 1 Exam 2023atoms - ANSWER smallest unit of chemical elements
molecules - ANSWER two or more atoms combined
compound - ANSWER two or more elements combined in a fixed ration
C, O, H, N - ANSWER ... are 4 elements that make up 96% of all living matter
covalent bond - ANSWER what is the strongest bond?
covalent - ANSWER sharing of electrons by two atoms
ionic - ANSWER transfer of electrons between two atoms
hydrogen bond - ANSWER what is a weak bond?
hydrogen bond - ANSWER the H atom forms one covalent bond and a second
weaker bond with an atom in another molecules
nonpolar - ANSWER equal sharing of electrons
(two of the same element)
polar - ANSWER unequal sharing of electrons
has a charge
(water)
negative - ANSWER what is the charge of O in water?
positive - ANSWER what is the charge of H in water?
cohesion - ANSWER interactions between water molecules
(H2O with H2O)
solvent - ANSWER interactions between water and other molecules
4 bonds - ANSWER what is the maximum amount of bonds that hydrogen can
form?
15% - ANSWER in room temperature of water what % is the maximum amount of
bonds going to be made?
,more acidic - ANSWER when H+ concentration increases...
more basic - ANSWER what H- concentration decreases...
hydrophilic - ANSWER affinity for water
(polar and ionic bonds)
hydrophobic - ANSWER repel water
(nonpolar covalent bonds)
buffers - ANSWER chemical processes are sensitive to pH changes and resist
change in the pH solution
7.4 - ANSWER the pH of human blood is...
carbonic acid and bicarbonate - ANSWER what are the main buffers in blood?
right - ANSWER response to a rise in pH in blood (becomes more basic)
left - ANSWER response to a drop in pH in blood (becomes more acidic)
carbon atoms - ANSWER building blocks for biological molecules
4 VE - ANSWER how many VE does carbon have?
covalent bonds - ANSWER how do functional groups join to the carbon skeleton?
hydroxyl - ANSWER -alcohols
-polar
-dissolves organic compounds (like sugars)
carbonyl - ANSWER -ketones (within skeleton)
-aldehydes (at the end of skeleton)
carboxyl - ANSWER -is acidic
-weak acid
-hydroxyl+carbonyl
amino - ANSWER -base
-animes
, -can pick up H from surrounding solutions
amino and carboxyl - ANSWER what functional groups make up an amino acid?
sulfhydryl - ANSWER -thiols
-cross-linking of cysteines
-stabilizes protein structure
phosphate - ANSWER -backbone for phospholipids
-negative charge
-hydrophilic
methyl - ANSWER -expression of genes
-sex hormones (shape and function)
carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins - ANSWER what are the 4 types
of macromolecules?
carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids - ANSWER which macromolecules are
made of polymers?
lipids - ANSWER -diverse group of hydrophobic macromolecules
-built from two or more DIFFERENT small subunits
dehydration reaction - ANSWER removal of water molecules to form a polymer
(makes a bond)
hydrolysis - ANSWER addition of water to polymers to break bonds
carbohydrates - ANSWER sugars and their polymers
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