WEEK 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 OVERVIEW OF TISSUE ARCHITECTURE ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 PROTEIN STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 ENZYMES ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Genes, DNA, RNA .................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.4 GENE FUNCTION - TRANSCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................ 12
2.4 GENE FUNCTION : TRANSLATION ................................................................................................................................ 14
WEEK 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 MICROSCOPE SKILLS ................................................................................................................................................. 17
WEEK 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.1A GENES AND GENETICS 1: PRINCIPLES OF BASIC I NHERITANCE ..................................................................................... 18
4.1B GENES AND GENETICS 2: MODIFICATIONS AND DEVIATIONS FROM MENDELIAN INHERITANCE ...................................... 19
4.2 Traditional and Genomic selection ....................................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Evolution and speciation ....................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Selection of Production Traits ............................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 POLYMORPHISMS AND MUTATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 23
4.3 DIAGNOSTIC DNA .................................................................................................................................................... 24
WEEK 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 26
5.1 Introduction to Pathology ..................................................................................................................................... 26
5.2 Post-mortem Change ............................................................................................................................................ 28
5.2 COLOURS OF PATHOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 30
VIRUSES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33
VIRUS 1; ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Virus 2; Replication ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
VIRUS 3; PATHOGENESIS ................................................................................................................................................. 39
Virus 4; Classification .................................................................................................................................................. 42
BACTERIA ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Bacteria 1; Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 43
BACTERIA 2; PHYSIOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 46
BACTERIA 3; GENETICS ................................................................................................................................................... 48
BACTERIA 4; STERILISATION AND DISINFECTION ................................................................................................................. 50
PARASITES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 52
6.4 INTRO TO PARASITOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 52
6.4 INTRO TO ARTHROPODS AND PROTOZOA .................................................................................................................... 53
PARASITES 3 – HELMINTHS ............................................................................................................................................. 55
PARASITES 4; BOVINE PARASITIC GASTROENTERITIS (PGE) ................................................................................................ 58
,IMMUNOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................... 60
6.5 IMMUNOLOGY 2: CELLS AND TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM .................................................................................... 60
6.5B IMMUNOLOGY 3; PRINCIPLES OF INNATE IMMUNITY ................................................................................................. 63
6.5C IMMUNOLOGY 4: PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY .............................................................................................. 65
,WEEK 2
2.1 OVERVIEW OF TISSUE ARCHITECTURE
Know how histological samples are prepared.
Understand the skills involved in examining histological sections.
Recognise examples of the main tissue types.
Know where to find and use digital histological content.
Preparing histological samples for light microscopy
- Fixed, processed, sectioned, stained
- Preserving fresh tissue, placed in fixative for time. → trimmed.
- Placed in processor → water in tissue replaced by paraffin wax
- Increasing strength of alcohol baths → dehydrates slowly to avoid shrinkage
- Then exposed to solvent that is miscible with wax + alcohol
- Tissue becomes translucent →using solvent
- Tissue placed in mould formed of wax
- Tissue cut with rotary microtome (set to thickness required) → then dried
Dense, irregular connective tissues
Protein laid down is the pale pink
Lots of different cell shaped → irregular
Skeletal muscle
More regular formation
Nerve tissue
1 different types
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller febetiki. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.92. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
