Exam (elaborations)
CVRN BC Exam Questions with Accurate Answers 2023
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Exam of 16 pages for the course CVRN at CVRN (CVRN BC Exam)
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CVRN BC ExamSide effect of amlodipine, cardizem, lyrica - answer peripheral edema
xanthoma - answer fatty streaking visible just under the skin under eyes, indicates HLD
corneal arcus - answer grayish ring around the eyes, indicates HLD
Normal CVP - answer 5-10
JVD above 5 cm can indicate - answer right ventricular failure (RVF)
cardiac tamponade
constrictive pericarditis
SVC obstruction
inreased intrathoracic pressure (PEEP, cough)
Normal pulse pressure - answer 40
widened pulse pressure at rest can indicate - answer increased cardiovascular risk
What is the most common cause of narrow (low) pulse pressure? - answer a drop in left ventricular stroke volume
How does trauma cause narrow pulse pressure? - answer Blood loss
If pulse pressure is extremely low (25 mmHg or less), what is the cause? - answer low stroke volume such as HF or shock
Narrow pulse pressure causes not RT shock or HF - answer aortic valve stenosis, cardiac tamponade
Name two meds that lower pulse pressure - answer ACE inhibitors, folic acid
What meds can raise pulse pressure - answer NSAIDS, steroids, birth control, SSRIs
What is the Cushings triad - answer Bradycardia, elevated pulse pressure, irregular breathing
Causes of widened pulse pressure - answer Atherosclerosis
AV fistula
Chronic aortic regurgitation Thyrotoxicosis
Fever
Anemia
A widened pulse pressure is an important risk factor for - answer heart disease
10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure increased risk of cardiovascular complications and
mortality by - answer 20%
Widened pulse pressure is a risk factor for what heart rhythm? - answer afib
How much folic acid is recommended to decrease pulse pressure? - answer 5 mg daily
How does folic acid reduce pulse pressure? - answer targets large artery stiffness and may prevent isolated systolic HTN
ABI 0.9-1.0 - answer No obstruction
ABI 0.4-0.6 - answer Severe obstruction
ABI <0.4 - answer Ischemic
ABI > or = 1.3 - answer calcified vessels
ABI - answer Ankle Brachial Index
All Physicians Take Money - answer Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Mitral valves
When do you hear the mitral and tricuspid valve closing? - answer S1
When do you hear S2? - answer aortic and pulmonic valves closing
S4 - answer heard in many adults, only heard in sinus rhythms
Split S2 - answer delay in pulmonic valve closure
When is split S2 heard? - answer ASD or AVD, RBBB, Pulm HTN, Pulm stenosis
S3 is normal in - answer children, young adults and in the third trimester
Is S3 abnormal in older people1/ - answer Yes
Atrial Gallop is AKA - answer S4 When do you hear S4 Atrial Gallop? - answer During atrial contraction, just before S1, late phase of ventricular filling
hear in:
MI or ischemia
systemic and pulm HTN
Aortic or pulmonary stenosis
ventricular failure
What is a summation gallop? - answer when both S3 and S4 sounds are heard = severe heart failure, tachycardias
Where do you listen for the aortic valve? - answer 2nd right ICS at RSB
Where do you listen for pulmonic valve? - answer 2nd ICS, LSB
Where do you listen for tricuspid valve? - answer 5th ICS, LSB
Where do you listen for mitral valve? - answer 5th ICS MCL
Grade 1 murmur - answer barely audible
Grade 2 murmur - answer audible
Grade 3 murmur - answer moderately loud
Grade 4 murmur - answer Loud with thrill
Grade 5 murmur - answer Very loud, with thrill. May be heard when the stethoscope is partly off the chest
Grade 6 murmur - answer Audible without stethoscope
Lead 1 is good to see what kind of rhythms? - answer ventricular
Lead 2 is good to see what kind of rhythms? - answer atrial
What leads to you check to see where VT is coming from? - answer V1 and V6
If QRS is positive and wide in V1, consider what 3 issues? - answer RBBB, left ventricular ectopic beats, WPW syndrome
If QRS is wide in V1, what lead do you also check? - answer V6
What med do you avoid in SVT? - answer cardizem, can cause pt to code
tx for symptomatic SVT - answer adenosine
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