,Appendix to Chapter 1—Applying Graphs to Economics
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A direct relationship exists when:
a. there is no association between two variables.
b. one variable increases and there is no change in the other variable.
c. one variable increases and the other variable increases.
d. one variable increases and the other variable decreases.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
2. An upward-sloping line or curve is used to illustrate:
a. a direct relationship. c. two unrelated variables.
b. an inverse relationship. d. the ceteris paribus assumption.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
3. Suppose two variables are directly related. If one variable rises, then the other variable:
a. also rises. c. remains unchanged.
b. falls. d. reacts unpredictably.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
4. Which of the following pairs is the most likely to exhibit a direct relationship?
a. The price of gasoline and the amount of gasoline that people purchase.
b. Cholesterol levels and the likelihood of developing heart disease.
c. Outdoor temperature and heating oil sales.
d. Annual income and weekly pawn shop visits.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
5. A direct relationship is expressed graphically as a:
a. positively sloped line or curve. c. horizontal line.
b. negatively sloped line or curve. d. vertical line.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
6. An inverse relationship exists when:
a. there is no association between two variables.
b. one variable increases and there is no change in the other variable.
c. one variable increases and the other variable increases.
d. one variable increases and the other variable decreases.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: An Inverse Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
7. Which of the following pairs is the most likely to exhibit an inverse relationship?
a. The amount of time you study and your grade point average.
, b. People's annual income and their expenditure on personal computers.
c. Baseball players' salaries and their batting averages.
d. The price of a concert and the number of tickets people purchase.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: An Inverse Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
8. When an inverse relationship is graphed, the resulting line or curve is:
a. horizontal. c. upward-sloping.
b. vertical. d. downward-sloping.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: An Inverse Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Knowledge
9. Measured between two points on a curve, the ratio of the change in the variable on the vertical axis to
the change in the variable on the horizontal axis is the:
a. axis. c. dependent curve.
b. slope. d. independent curve.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Knowledge
10. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Slope is the ratio of the vertical change (the rise or fall) to the horizontal change (the run).
b. A direct relationship is one in which two variables change in the same direction.
c. An inverse relationship is one in which two variables change in opposite directions.
d. An independent relationship is one in which two variables are unrelated.
e. All of these.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
11. Which of the following is used to illustrate an independent relationship between two variables?
a. An upward-sloping curve c. A hill-shaped curve
b. A downward-sloping curve d. A horizontal or vertical line
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
12. A line that has a different slope at each point is a:
a. curve. c. vertical line.
b. straight line. d. horizontal line.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Curve KEY: Bloom’s: Knowledge
Exhibit 1A-1 Straight line
, 13. In Exhibit 1A-1, as X increases along the horizontal axis, corresponding to points A-B on the line, the
Y values increase. The relationship between the X and Y variables is:
a. direct. c. independent.
b. inverse. d. variable.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Analysis
14. Straight line AB in Exhibit 1A-1 shows that:
a. increasing values for X will decrease the values of Y.
b. decreasing values for X will increase the values of Y.
c. there is a direct relationship between X and Y.
d. all of these.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: A Direct Relationship KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
15. In Exhibit 1A-1, the slope of straight line AB is:
a. positive. c. negative.
b. zero. d. variable.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Comprehension
16. In Exhibit 1A-1, the slope of straight line AB is:
a. 1. c. 1/2.
b. 5. d. 1.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Analysis
17. As shown in Exhibit 1A-1, the slope of straight line AB:
a. decreases with increases in X. c. increases with decreases in X.
b. increases with increases in X. d. remains constant with changes in X.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate NAT: BUSPROG: Analytic
TOP: The Slope of a Straight Line KEY: Bloom’s: Analysis
Exhibit 1A-2 Straight line
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