Lecture notes from Imperial College London, Medical Biosciences BSc, 2nd year, genetics and genomics (GEN) module.
By comparing the sequences of different species we can identify sequences that have been conserved over long periods of evolution and so are likely to have important biological func...
Comparative Genomics
Genomic variation between species
- genome variations: inter-species/ intra-species
- diversity lies in the DNA
sequence & amount of ncDNA
Comparative sequence analysis
- genome browsers/ database: bioinformatics tool w/ genomes of any species => UCSC & Ensembl
=> can find position of gene, number of exons + aa of ≠ gene transcripts (alternative splicing)...
- conserved sequence = similar sequences in the genome of ≠ species (= orthologs)
=> DNA sequence alignement: to match between 2 sequences (different weightings chosen)
=> exact:
=> mismatch:
=> gaps:
50 %
of 2 % Lexons
- we share 0.75% of our DNA with bananas (50% of human genes have orthologs in bananas)
L
- online sequence comparison programmes (ex: Clustal):
- dash (-) = gap
- star (*) = all sequence
have an identical base
Phylogenetic tree construction
- on clustal: => human & mouse (mammals) are the most similar
=> drosophila diverged + has a ≠ origin to mammals
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lisaribau. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
