In-depth coverage of a wide range of psychological disorders
Clear explanations supported by evidence-based research
Integration of real-life case studies for practical application
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Source: Barlow, Durand & Hofmann (2018), Comer o Normal Behavior – one behavior that is like
& Comer (2017), DSM-V, DSM-V-TR, Psych Pearls other people in the society
Normalcy and Abnormalcy Normality is social conformity – some
behaviors are non-conforming but normal
Recognizing Normal and Abnormal manifestations Normality is personal comfort
of behavior
Normality is a process o Criteria for
determining Abnormal Behavior
o Psychological Disorder – psychological Norm-violation
dysfunction within an individual associated Statistical rarity
with distress or impairment in functioning and
a response Personal Discomfort
that is not typical or culturally expected Deviation
o 4 D’s of Psychological Disorder Maladaptiveness o Clinical Assessment – the
a. Psychological Dysfunction – refers to a systematic evaluation and measurement of
breakdown psychological, biological, and social factors
in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral
Theoretical Approaches in Explaining the Etiology
functioning
Of Psychological Disorders
Interferes daily functioning
One Dimensional – looking for a single
b. Distress or Impairment – individual is cause psychological, biological, and social
extremely factors in an individual presenting with a
c. Atypical or Not Culturally Expected possible psychological disorder
(Deviance) – deviates from the average or the
norm of the culture
Not just to the society but deviation from Diagnosis – process of determining whether
the person’s usual behavior the particular problem afflicting the individual
d. Dangerousness – creates potential harm to meets all criteria for a psychological disorder
self
(suicidal gestures) and others (excessive Multidimensional – looking for a systemic
aggression) o Psychopathology – scientific study cause
of mental disorders Genetic contributions
o Genes – long molecules of DNA at various
o Clinical Psychology – applied branch of
locations on chromosomes, within cell nucleus
psychology that seeks to understand, assess,
o 46 Chromosomes, 23 Pairs, 22 Pairs of
and treat psychological conditions in a clinical
Autosomes,
setting
1 pair Sex Chromosomes o XX – female, XY –
o Abnormal Psychology – branch of psychology
male o Dominant and Recessive
that studies unusual patterns of behavior,
emotions, and thought which may or may not o Phenotypes – observable characteristics
indicate an underlying condition
o Genotypes – unique genetic makeup o
Endophenotypes – genetic mechanisms that
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