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BIOS 251 Exam 2 Questions and Answers |Latest 2023/2024 - Chamberlain
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BIOS 251 Exam 2 Questions and Answers |Latest 2023/2024 - Chamberlain
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BIOS-251 Exam 2 R eview Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes - Answer Mitosis The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - Answer Interphase Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or permanently) - Answer G Zero (G0) Phase The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. - Answer G1 Phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. - Answer S Phase The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Growth and preparation for mitosis - Answer G2 Phase First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus - Answer Prophase Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell - Answer Metaphase The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles - Answer Anaphase The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, i n which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. - Answer Telophase Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - Answer Cytokinesis Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually reproducing organisms - Answer Meiosis BIOS 251 EXAM 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - Answer Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original parent (germ) cell. Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - Answer 46 Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - Answer 23 Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction - Answer Nucleus Processes and transports proteins made at attached ribosomes; synthesizes phospholipids - Answer Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances - Answer Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) A cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out o f the cell - Answer Golgi Complex Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell - Answer Lysosomes Produce hydrogen peroxide, detoxifies harmful substances, oxidizes fatty acids, and protects cell from free radicals - Answer Peroxisomes - Hollow, cylindrical organelle that disposes of unnecessary and damaged proteins - Contain enzymes that break down tagged, targeted proteins into short peptides a nd amino acids - Answer Proteasomes - Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division - Form mitotic spindle during mitosis - Answer Centrioles A structure in cells containing two centrioles from which the spindle fibers develop and organized - Answer Centrosome Point of growth for cilium or flagellum - Answer Basal Body Cell component responsible for energy production; powerhouse of the cell - Answer Mitochondria Organelle responsible for protein synthesis - Answer Ribosomes Network of protein filaments that aid in intracellular support, cell movement, and m oves organelles. - Answer CytoskeletonThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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