NURS 251 FINAL EXAM
1. central axillary nodes
2. pectoral (anterior)
3. subscapular (posterior)
4. lateral - ANSWER What are the four groups of axillary lymph nodes present in the breast?
Axillary, infraclavicular, supraclavicular - ANSWER From the central nodes, drainage flows u...
4.lateral - ANSWER What are the four groups of axillary lymph nodes
present in the breast?
Axillary, infraclavicular, supraclavicular - ANSWER From the central
nodes, drainage flows up to and
nodes.
Menopause - ANSWER What is it?
- the time that marks the end of
menstrual cycles Symptoms/Signs:
- decrease in vaginal secretions
- atrophy (muscle deteriorates)
- hot flashes
- mood swings
After this, ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone DECREASES,
causing breast tissue to ATROPHY (decreased breast size - inner
structures more prominent)
Testicular Self-Exam - ANSWER What test?
- encourages self-care by teaching every male from 13 to 14 years old
through adulthood how to examine his own testicles
- early detection of cancer enhanced if male is familiar with his
normal consistency How is it performed?
1. T- timing; once a month
2. S- shower, warm water relaxes scrotal sac
3. E- examine; check for, and report changes
immediately Breast Self-Exam - ANSWER What
test?
- teaches women to palpate breasts in front of mirror or in shower with soap
,and water
,How is it performed?
1. Lying down:
- press 3 middle fingers in a circular motion and use 3 levels of pressure
following an UP and DOWN pattern
2. Sitting up:
- examine underarm with arm slightly raised
- note surface changes with hands pushed on hips, shoulders hunched
1. first degree relative (mother, sister, daughter)
2. taking hormones longer than 5 years
3. history of early menstruation before age of 12
4.history of late menopause after age 55 (exposed to hormones longer) -
ANSWER What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
1. alcohol dose-dependent effect
2. postmenopausal weight gain
3. decreased physical activity - ANSWER What are the LIFESTYLE
risk factors for breast cancer?
Prostate Cancer - ANSWER What is it?
- most frequently diagnosed cancer
in men What are the risk factors?
1. increasing age
2. African ancestry (mortality rates are 2 times higher for black men)
3. family history
4.inherited mutation of BRCA 1 and
BRCA 2 genes Lifestyle risk factors:
1. diets heavy in red meat or high-fat dairy products
2. obesity
1. Any pain, lumps, discharge
, 2. Rash, swelling, trauma
3. Breast disease
4.Surgery or radiation
5. Medications
6.Patient-centered care
7. Self examinations/last mammogram - ANSWER What are the
components of a breast health history?
1. Menstrual history
2. Obstetric history
3. Menopause
4.Patient-centered care
5. Acute pelvic pain
6.Urinary symptoms
7. Discharge
8.Sexual activity
9.Contraceptive use
10. STI contact - ANSWER What are the components of a FEMALE genitalia
health history?
1. Frequency, urgency, and nocturia (waking up in middle of night to
urinate)
2. Dysuria (pain while urinating)
3. Hesitancy and straining
4.Past genitourinary history
5. Penis - pain, lesion, discharge
6.Scrotum- self-care behaviors, lumps
7. Sexual activity / contraceptive use
8.STI contact - ANSWER What are the components of a MALE genitalia
health history?
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