ARMRIT Exam Questions & Answers Latest Updated

The area in Asia that first discovered magnets is known as? - Answer Magnesia The first magnets were called magnetites because the people that lived in the area where they were found were known as? - Answer Magnetes For centuries, sailors use magnets for which of the following purposes? - Answer To navigate the seas Which of the following people named the ends of the magnet north and south poles? - Answer Petrus peregtinus de Maricourt In 1825, the British scientist, William Surgeon, constructed the first_____? - Answer Electromagnet The law of magnetic induction that is used in MRI today was developed by which of the following people? - Answer Michael Faraday The first magnetic resonance experiments with liquids were conducted by a group of scientist from Stanford University led by which of the following people? - Answer Felix bloch The first magnetic resonance experiments with solids were conducted by a group of scientists from Harvard University led by which of the following people? - Answer Edward Purcell Which of the following people won the 1952 Nobel prize for there and NMR research? - Answer Felix Bloch, and Edward Purcell Scientist Paul Lauterbur described an NMR imaging technique called? - Answer Zeugmatography Which of the following people produced the first crude am our eye image showing a rat tumor, which later appeared on the cover of science magazine? - Answer Raymond Domadian The first whole body MRI scanner used by Dr. Damadian was known as the are? - Answer Indomitable The word loadstone was derived from which of the following meanings? - Answer To find one's way Which of the following people was attributed in 1967 with producing the first MR signals from live animals? - Answer Jasper Jackson The magnetic properties of the nucleus of atoms were discovered in 1924 by which of the following people? - Answer Wolfgang Pauli The first MRI images of a human went obtained in what year? - Answer 1977 The magnets ability to attract and repel objects was first described by which of the following people? - Answer Lucretius Cerus The first whole body MRI scanner was a superconductive magnet with the field strength of? - Answer 5000 gauss The first whole body MRI scanner was constructed at which of the following facilities? - Answer Downstate Medical Ctr., New York Dr. Damadian was inducted into the national inventors Hall of Fame for his invention of the first human scanner in what year? - Answer 1989 Which of the following people develop the most effective way to generate and transmit alternating current and has a magnetic unit of measurement named after him? - Answer Nikolai Tesla Which of the following people develop a complex mathematical formulas used an MRI to reconstruct signals into images? - Answer John Baptiste Joseph Fourier Which of the following people received the 1922 Nobel Prize in physics for his theory of atomic structure? - Answer Niels Bohr Which of the following people receive the 1943 Nobel Prize in physics for his development of a method to study the magnetic moments of atoms by directing atomic beams through magnetic fields? - Answer Otto Stern With the exception of hydrogen, all matter is composed of three components. They are? - Answer Protons, neutrons, electrons Positively charged component of an atom is called? - Answer Proton The negatively charged component of an atom is called the? - Answer Electron The neutral component of an atom is called? - Answer Neutron The nucleus of the hydrogen atom is made up of one___ - Answer Proton Materials reach their highest magnetic potential when their atoms are grouped in areas known as___ - Answer Domains Material that is weakly attracted to a magnetic field is said to be _ - Answer Paramagnetic Material that is strongly attracted to magnetic field is said to be_ - Answer Ferromagnetic Material that is slightly repelled from a magnetic field is said to be_ - Answer Diamagnetic Three types of ferromagnetic material are_ - Answer Iron, cobalt, nickel To exist, magnets must have two poles, therefore they are commonly called_ - Answer Dipoles The lines that represent the field of a magnet are known as_ - Answer Flux lines The strength of a magnet is measured by its_ - Answer Flux density The strength of an MRI magnet is most commonly represented by a unit of measurement called? - Answer Tesla 10,000 Gauss is equal to_ - Answer 1 Tesla 15,000 Gauss is equal to_ - Answer 1.5 Tesla The law that is used in MRI to describe how much a magnetic field is induced by flowing current is known as the_ - Answer Faradays law Which of the following is an advantage of a permanent magnet MRI system? - Answer Low operating costs What type of molecule makes up 50% to 90% of a persons total body weight? - Answer Water Clinical MRI is based on the generation of signal from the nucleus of which atom? - Answer Hydrogen The nucleus of the hydrogen atom carries what type of charge? - Answer Positive The spin of the proton of the hydrogen atom is known as_ - Answer Angular momentum Because the nucleus of the hydrogen atom asked much like a bar magnet, it is said to have a_ - Answer Magnetic moment Because the spinning nucleus of the hydrogen atom has both a north and south pole it is commonly called a_ - Answer Dipole When placed in an external magnetic field, hydrogen nuclei_ - Answer Become aligned After being placed an external magnetic field, high energy hydrogen nuclei point in which direction? - Answer Anti-parallel After being placed in an external magnetic field, low energy hydrogen nuclei point in which direction? - Answer Parallel When placed in an external magnetic field, the hydrogen nuclei that are of clinical interest are_ - Answer Parallel unpaired When a patient is placed in an external magnetic field, the number of unmatched hydrogen protons usually equals_ - Answer Few per million The sum of all of the unmatched parallel protons in and external magnetic field makes up what is called the_ - Answer Net magnetic vector The type of rotation that is displayed by hydrogen nuclei in an external magnetic field is known as_ - Answer Precession Within a perfect magnetic field all protons rotate at_ - Answer The same frequency The speed at which protons rotate in an external magnetic field is known as_ - Answer Precessional frequency The ratio that describes the constant at which any magnetic nucleus will precess in a 1 Tesla magnet is known as_ - Answer Magnetogyric ratio, gyromagnetic ratio The precessional frequency of magnetic nuclei is determined by which of the following? - Answer The strength of the external magnetic field, the gyromagnetic ratio of the specific nuclei The equation that is used to determine the precessional frequency of magnetic nuclei is known as_ - Answer WO = YBO, F = YBO Alignment of the net magnetic vector in the direction of the external magnetic field is known as_ - Answer Longitudinal magnetization, equilibrium Magnetization in the XY plane is known as_ - Answer Transverse magnetization When the proper radiofrequency is applied, in the precessing hydrogen nuclei begin to_ - Answer Resonate The RF pulse used to move nuclei into a higher energy state is at a frequency known as_ - Answer Resonance frequency Hydrogen nuclei begin to precess in phase when which of the following occurs? - Answer The proper RF is turned on When the radiofrequency is turned off, precessing nuclei begin to_ - Answer Relax, lose energy,dephase Another name for transverse relaxation is ____ - Answer Spin spin relaxation Another name for T1 relaxation is_ - Answer Longitudinal relaxation The return of longitudinal magnetization to equilibrium is known as_ - Answer T1 relaxation, spin lattice relaxation, longitudinal relaxation Dephasing of the net vector in the transverse plane is known as_ - Answer Spin spin relaxation The time it takes for a tissues bulk longitudinal magnetization to return to 63% of its original value is known as_ - Answer T1 relaxation time The time it takes for transverse magnetization to decay to 37% of its original value is known as_ - Answer T2 relaxation time Dephasing of the net vector in the transverse plane is caused by two factors, imperfections in the external magnetic field and_ - Answer Interaction between the surrounding nuclei Magnetization in the transverse plane can also be known as_ - Answer MXY, and MO Magnetization in the longitudinal plane can also be known as_ - Answer MZ, and equilibrium MRI signals can only be detected in which of the following planes? - Answer XY plane, transverse plane The signal created after applying a 90° RF pulse is known as a_ - Answer F I D signal The signal produced after the 180° RF pulse is applied is known as a_ - Answer Spin echo signal A 180° RF pulse is used to ___ the dephasing net vector in the transverse plane - Answer Refocus The larger the net magnetic vector in the transverse plane the____ the signal that is produced - Answer Stronger The smaller the net magnetic vector in the transverse plane the _the signal that is produced - Answer Weaker The letters F I D in a FID signal stand for_ - Answer Free induction decay The type of signal that is created after a gradient is used to refocus the dephasing net vector is known as_ - Answer Gradient echo signal