Bonent Reveiw Section V Hemodialysis Exam Questions with Answers

Hypertonic - Solutions that have a higher osmolarity than body fluids care called Crenation - Blood that is exposed to a hypertonic solution may cause The ability of normal blood vessels to contract and retract when injured. The ability of platelets to form plugs in the injured blood vessels. The presence of plasma coagulation factors. The stability of the blood clot - Hemostasis depends on Dialysate solution - A non-sterile aqueous solution that is similar to normal levels of electrolytes found in the extracellular fluid is Interstitial and vascular compartment - Dry weight is the term used to describe the status of a patient with no fluid excess in the Diffusion - The principle underlying waste product removal process in hemodialysis is Diffusion - The movement of solute particles from an area of higher chemical concentration to an area of lower chemical concentration until equilibrium is reached in called Counter-current flow - Blood and dialyzing fluid flowing in opposite directions is called Blood flow rate Dialysate flow rate Membrane permeability - Factors which influence dialyzer clearance include Ultrafiltration control - What is necessary for high flux dialysis Occlusion - In a roller-type pump, the pressure of the rollers against the tubing is called Venous blood line - An air/foam detector is used to detect the pressure of air in the Hemolysis may occur with very low (more negative) u detected negative pressures - Pre-pump arterial pressure should be measured, particularly with high blood flow rates because Be below zero (negative) Have the upper alarm limit set below zero - Pre-pump arterial pressure in a patient with a fistula should Fluid removal without diffusion dialysis - Sequential ultrafiltration is BEST described as To remove sterilant, manufacturing residues of plasticizers before initiating treatment - The purpose of priming the extracorporeal circuit with saline during set up is The overall conductance of all ions in solutions - Patient safety depends on properly proportioned dialysate. This is measured by total conductivity. Total conductivity refers to The dialysate concentration is too low, causing the cells to swell and burst as they take on water in an attempt to equalize their concentration of electrolytes with that in solution - Hemolysis can occur during dialysis if 2500cc - A patient gains 2.5kgs since his last hemodialysis treatment. How much extra fluid does he have? 0.9% saline - When fluid replacement is necessary during dialysis, which one of the following solutions is usually used? The blood pressure, when standing, is normal for the patient - Dry weight is defined as the weight gain at which the patient is free of swelling, other signs of fluid excess, and High sodium dialysate - When marked fluid overload is accompanied by hemodialysis-dynamic instability, which of the following types of dialysate will best permit adequate ultrfilitration without hypotension Taking antihypertensive medications before dialysis Excess fluid removal An unstable cardiovascular system - Two and one half hours into the dialysis treatment, mr smith experiences a drop in his blood pressure. The most common causes of hypotension during dialysis are Hypotension or vasocontriction - A lo alarm in the pre-pump arterial pressure monitor may be the consequence of Check for an obstruction in the blood system, distal to the monitor site - If a high venous pressure monitor alarm occurs during dialysis, you would first Pyrohenic contamination - Fever and chills that develop midway through a patient's treatment are most likely caused by Is a photoelectric cell placed in the effluent dialysis fluid circuit, which continuously measures the optical density of the fluid pumped through it - The blood leak detector in most delivery systems Reposition the needle and adjust the blood flow downward because of excess negative pressure on the arterial portion of the circuit - The blood pump is set at 300 mL/min. The technician notices that the blood lines appear to be "jumping" the technician should Body urea volume Normalized preotein catabolic rate Residual renal urea clearance - The major patient parameters in the urea kinetic model are Dialyzer urea clearance and treatment time - The treatment parameters in the kinetic model are Draw blood for culture. and sensitivity, CBC - You are ready to take Mr. k off dialysis. His pre-treatment temperature was 98.4F and is now 101.4F which physician's order will you anticipate? 43-44C - Hemolysis during hemodialysis can occur as a result of dialyzing fluid that is heated to A blood leak - When a dialyzer membrane tears and allows blood to escape from the blood compartment into the dialying fluid compartment, it is termed Promptly stop the blood pump and clamp the blood lines - What is the immediate treatment for the complication "hemolysis"? Pain in vascular access, extremities, and/or chest, abdominal cramps, dyspnea, and arrhythmias - Acute hemolysis during hemodialysis is an extreme medical emergency. Clinical manifestations include Headache, hypertension, nausea and vomiting, and possible convulsions - What are the signs and symptoms of dialysis disequilibrium? Improperly sterilized equipment or contaminated water supply for dialysate preparation - Pyrogenic reactions are assumed to be the release of bacterial toxins across the dialyzer membrane to the patient. The source of the toxin may be fom: