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Intro To Sonography Final Exam – Q/A
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Intro To Sonography Final Exam – Q/A
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Intro To Sonography Final Exam – Q/AHuygan's Principle ✔ Ans - Christian Huygen-determined light consisted of waves
Augustin Fresnel ✔ Ans - Theory of wave diffraction
Dr. Samuel Maslak ✔ Ans - "Father of modern Ultrasound." Merged computer tech with diagnostic ultrasound
Sonometer ✔ Ans - Instrument to study musical sounds invented before 500 BC
Marveen Craig ✔ Ans - Assistant to Dr. Joseph Holmes. Author of textbook/journal articles about Sonography. Developed many Ultrasound programs.
Joseph Holmes ✔ Ans - Somagram. Discovered that moving the transducer in 2 paths created a complete anatomical picture called a somagram.
Joan Baker ✔ Ans - 1st president of SDMS. Initiated the term "sonographer". Current president of Sound Ergonomics.
Leonardo da Vinci ✔ Ans - Credited with discovering connection between
reflection and angle of incidence.
Sir Isaac Newton ✔ Ans - Theory of velocity
Galileo ✔ Ans - Frequency of sound waves determines pitch
Aristotle ✔ Ans - Theory that sound is carried by the movement of the air
Dr. Karl Dussik ✔ Ans - A-mode images called Hyperphonograms.
Rokuro Uchida ✔ Ans - Built 1st model Ultrasound equipment in 1949. Dr. Yasuharu Nimura ✔ Ans - Doppler to cardiovascular investigation in 1955.
Dr. Tanaka & Dr. Wagai ✔ Ans - Used Rokuro Uchida's equipment to detect brain tumors, gallstones, and breast masses.
Paul Langeven & Constantin Chilowsky ✔ Ans - Studied sound frequency and intensity during WWI. Served as basis for Sonar in WWII.
Jacques & Pierre Curie ✔ Ans - Piezoelectric effect. Serves as basis of Ultrasound frequencies.
James Joule ✔ Ans - Ferromagnetic effect.
George Ludwig ✔ Ans - Started research at Naval Medical research institute, used A-mode to present reflected echoes of gallstones and foreign bodies embedded in animal tissue.
John Reid & Julian Wild ✔ Ans - Developed 1st B-scan transducer used for
breast imaging. It used a "water tip".
Dr. Douglas Howry ✔ Ans - Produced anatomical pictures by immersing the body in water. Produced a pulse-echo ultrasound scanner. With a 35 mm camera he produced 1st cross sectional picture.
Julian Wild ✔ Ans - Used Ultrasound to study tissue thickness. Discovered
cancerous tissue can be distinguished from non-cancerous tissue by means of echoes.
Arvo Oksala & Gilbert Baum ✔ Ans - Ophthalmic Ultrasound
Eugene Strandness ✔ Ans - Devoted career to non-invasive measurements of the peripheral vascular system. Assigned wave form patterns to particular disease processes.
Ian Donald ✔ Ans - Known as the "Father of Obstetric Ultrasound". Studied work of Americans and Japanese. Credited with perfecting A-mode measurements to estimate fetal age, weight, and growth via Ultrasound. Donald and Tom Brown ✔ Ans - Developed first B-Mode (brightness modulation) scanner to produce first crude fetal scan. Developed Diasonograph, an early hand held scanner.
Carl Hellmuth Hertz & Inge Edler ✔ Ans - Used A & B mode techniques to demonstrate first moving pictures of the heart, called the reflectoscope.
Dr. Nathaniel Bronson ✔ Ans - Combined Ultrasound with surgical forceps to develop hand-held sonar transducer for use in Opthalmic surgery to
remove foreign bodies in the eye.
What happened in 1976? ✔ Ans - Analog scam converters replaced by digital scan converters capable of showing 64 shades of gray.
Carrie Chapman ✔ Ans - 1st female president of AIUM, formed American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists.,
When did the study of sound begin? ✔ Ans - Before 500 BC and revolved around musical instruments and physics.
Holmes & William Wright ✔ Ans - Developed 1st commercial portable Ultrasound system called the "Physionics Engineering Porta-arm." Considered
to be precursor to modern day Ultrasound system.
What theories are used today to determine sonographic appearance and transducer qualities? ✔ Ans - The theories of reflection and refraction.
Christian Johann Doppler ✔ Ans - Effect of motion on sound, the "Doppler
Effect".
What was sonar used for during WWII? ✔ Ans - Defense purposes.
What does SONAR stand for? ✔ Ans - Sound Navigation and Ranging
How does Sonar work? ✔ Ans - Sound waves are sent through water then
the returned echoes are observed to characterize submerged objects.
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