ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 Questions And Answers ( Verified )
Transcription - ANS synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - ANS mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - ANS mRNA
mRNA - ANS makes proteins
RNA polymerase - ANS binds to DNA
Transcription fact...
ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
UTMB
5355
EXAM
#1
Transcription
-
ANS
synthesis
of
RNA
from
DNA
Transcription
results
in
-
ANS
mRNA
RNA
polymerase
makes
-
ANS
mRNA
mRNA
-
ANS
makes
proteins
RNA
polymerase
-
ANS
binds
to
DNA
Transcription
factors
(TFs)
-
ANS
A
regulatory
protein
that
binds
to
DNA
and
affects
transcription
of
specific
genes.
Can
wither
activate
or
repress
expression
of
genes
Termination
of
transcription
-
ANS
RNA
polymerase
reaches
a
terminator
sequence
(Stop
codon)
and
detaches
from
the
template
Translation
-
ANS
Process
by
which
mRNA
is
decoded
and
a
protein
is
produced.
Protein
assembly
Translation
takes
place
in
the
-
ANS
cytoplasm
Codon
-
ANS
A
specific
sequence
of
three
bases
on
a
strand
of
DNA
or
RNA
that
provides
genetic
code
information
for
a
amino
acid
Amino
acids
are
-
ANS
building
blocks
of
proteins
tRNA
-
ANS
An
RNA
molecule
that
functions
as
an
interpreter
between
nucleic
acid
and
protein
language
by
picking
up
specific
amino
acids
and
recognizing
the
appropriate
codons
in
the
mRNA
Codons
allow
-
ANS
for
DNA
and
RNA
to
communicate
Gene
Regulation
-
ANS
the
process
of
turning
genes
on
and
off
Gene
Regulation
occurs
-
ANS
during
transcription
Transcription
factors
(TFs)
determine
-
ANS
amount
of
protein
product
made Nucleotide
-
ANS
DNA
subunit;
1
DNA,
1
phosphate,
1
nitrogenous
base
Mutation
-
ANS
permanent
change
in
a
DNA
/RNA
sequence
that
affects
genetic
information
germline
mutation
-
ANS
happens
in
germ
cells,
inheritable,
in
all
cells
somatic
mutation
-
ANS
A
mutation
that
occurs
in
the
body
cells
from
spontaneous
development.
Cannot
be
inherited.
Acquired
causes
of
mutations
-
ANS
•
Incorrect
copying
of
the
DNA
sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent
mutation
-
ANS
alters
a
base
but
does
not
change
the
amino
acid
DNA
is
-
ANS
master
blueprint
for
human
being
Gene
-
ANS
the
basic
unit
of
inheritance
DNA
makes
-
ANS
proteins
Chromosomes
-
ANS
threadlike
structures
made
of
DNA
molecules
that
contain
the
genes
23
pairs
of
-
ANS
chromosomes
Allele
-
ANS
variant
of
a
gene
A
cell
holds
how
many
alleles
of
each
gene?
-
ANS
2,
one
from
mom
and
one
from
dad
Phenotype
-
ANS
An
organism's
physical
appearance,
or
visible
traits.
Affected
by
environment
Genotype
-
ANS
genetic
makeup
of
an
organism
locus
-
ANS
Location
of
a
gene
on
a
chromosome
Homozygous
-
ANS
An
organism
that
has
two
identical
alleles
for
a
trait
Heterozygous
-
ANS
An
organism
that
has
two
different
alleles
for
a
trait
Recessive
-
ANS
trait
of
an
organism
that
can
be
masked
by
the
dominant
form
of
a
trait
Dominant
-
ANS
An
allele
that
is
always
expressed Carrier
-
ANS
A
person
whose
genotype
includes
a
gene
with
disease
that
is
not
expressed
in
the
phenotype.
Expresstivity
-
ANS
the
degree
to
which
a
particular
genotype
is
expressed
in
the
phenotype
Spontaneous
mutations
are
-
ANS
mutation
that
occurs
within
the
body
cells
and
NOT
the
germline
cells,
caused
by
errors
in
DNA
Mutagen
-
ANS
chemical
or
physical
agents
in
the
environment
that
increases
frequency
of
mutations
Radiation
is
an
example
of
what:
-
ANS
a
mutagen
Anticipation
-
ANS
signs
and
symptoms
of
genetic
condition
tend
to
become
more
severe
and
appear
at
an
earlier
age
as
the
disorder
is
passed
from
generation
to
generation
Huntington's
disease
is
an
example
of
-
ANS
A
disease
affected
by
anticipation
reduced
penetrance
-
ANS
when
a
person
inherits
a
dominant
mutant
gene
but
fails
to
express
it
Penetrance
-
ANS
The
percentage
of
individuals
with
a
specific
genotype
who
also
express
the
expected
phenotype
100%
penetrance
-
ANS
gene
will
always
be
expressed
autosomal
dominant
means
-
ANS
at
least
one
parent
is
affected
Clinical
onset
is
later
in
life
for
-
ANS
autosomal
dominant
disorders
Inheritance
of
Autosomal
Dominant
-
ANS
50%
chance
autosomal
recessive
can
be
passed
if
-
ANS
two
copies
of
an
abnormal
gene
must
be
present
in
order
for
the
disease
or
trait
to
develop
autosomal
recessive
disorders
example
-
ANS
Tay-Sachs,
Cystic
fibrosis,
sickle
cell
anemia,
phenylketonuria
Autosomal
Recessive
Inheritance
-
ANS
Skips
generations,
25%
of
offsprings
from
2
carrier
parents
affected.
Clinical
onset
earlier
in
life
for:
-
ANS
autosomal
recessive
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