DaVita Test Questions with Correct Solutions| Rated A+

During osmosis, water moves toward the solution with the _________ solute concentration. - greater Which of the following terms indicates a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as blood? Atonic Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic - Isotonic The inner part of the kidney is called the... Medulla Calyx Pelvis Glomerulus - Medulla A nephron is comprised of a glomerulus and a Pyramid Calyx Papilla Tubule - Tubule How much urine does a patient with healthy kidneys usually excrete in 24hrs? - 1000 to 2000mL Which of the following hormones is produced by the kidneys? Erythropoietin Cortisol Aldosterone Parathyroid hormone - Erythropoietin- it stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs. If kidney function is impaired, epo decreases and fewer RBCs are produced which results in anemia Kidneys also produce calciferol, the active form of Vit D which allows the GI Trace to absorb Calcium from food What are the sx of uremia? - Itching, edema, difficulty breathing, increased urination at night, foamy bubbly urine, metallic taste, ammonia breath, nausea, anorexia, pericarditis, platelet dysfunction, encephalopathy with asterixis, and deposition of urea crystals in skin, blurred vision, numbness hands and feet A solution is a mixture of Solute and solvent Solute and chemical Water and electrolytes Fluid and particles - Solute and solvent When reinforcing education about weight gain, a patient should be advised that the usual goal for interdialytic weight gain is less than - 1.0kg/day If a high pressure alarm for arterial pressure (pre pump) sounds, this could indicate - Drop in the speed of blood pump If a low pressure alarm for venous pressure sounds during hemodialysis, this could indicate - Clotted Dialyzer With the formula for urea kinetic modeling, the K in Kt/V stands for - Urea clearance (mL/min) plus residual urinary output When inserting needles into a graft for hemodialysis, needle tips should be at least how far apart? - 2 inches 0.5" away from previous needle sites and at least 1.5" away from the anastomoses or any sign of stenosis In hemodialysis, ultrafiltration refers to extraction of Electrolytes Proteins Fluid Waste/toxins - Fluid A patient experiences a cardiac arrest with no pulse or respirations during hemodialysis. After calling for help, the tech should Stop dialysis, return blood, flush access lines with NS Stop dialysis, clamp lines without returning blood Continue dialysis without change during resuscitation Stop dialysis, return blood, remove access needles - Stop dialysis, return blood, flush access lines with NS When auscultation a patient's AV fistula to listen for bruit, if the bruit is very high pitched this may indicate - Stenosis During HD, expect the patients temp to rise by about - 0.5*C Approximately what % of total blood volume circulates in veins - 65-80% Which intervention will decrease hypotension that occurs during Hd? Using a different dialyzer Increasing sodium intake Increasing UFR decreasing UFR - Decreasing UFR If outflow stenosis of an AV fistula occurs, the thrill usually Is absent Remains continuous Is lower pitched and discontinuous Is loud and higher pitched and then discontinuous - Is loud and higher pitched and then discontinuous Which vitamins may be removed by HD? - Vitamin B & C The primary purification process of the dialysis water system is - Reverse osmosis If a pt develops painful muscle cramps in the hands, feet, and abdomen shortly after HD begins, the most likely intervention is - Saline bonus and/or decreased UFR Foam in the venous bloodline of a dialyzer May indicate - Air embolism