DAANCE 2023/2024 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

DAANCE 2023/2024 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Deficiency of oxygen in body tissue Give oxygen prior to anesthesia Laryngospasm - CORRECT ANSWER-Reflex of vocal cords to prevent passage of foreign material (blood/saliva). Treatment of laryngospasm - CORRECT ANSWER-1. 100% O2 2. Suction 3. Administer succinylcholine (10-20mg) IV (may precipitate Malignant Hyperthermia) * In children, succinylcholine should be given with atropine * Deepen anesthesia (case by case scenario) Treatment of bronchospasm - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Epinepherine 1:1000 IM or Sublinugal 2. IV epinepherine 3-5mL of 1:10,000 slowly (severe) Treatment of hyperventilation - CORRECT ANSWER-Do NOT give oxygen Breathe in a paper bag Treatment of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Terminate procedure 2. 100% O2 3. Start IV 4. Atropine (0.5mg) may repeat up to 3mL 5. Lidocaine IV 1.5mg/kg up to 3 mg/kg Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER-Leakage of fluid into tissue Stop IV and start a new one Hematoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood leakage Pressure first then moist heat Phlebitis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. inflammation of a vein 2. Treatment: elevation and NSAIDS Treatment of intra-arterial injection - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Activate EMS 2. Do NOT remove catheter 3. 10cc 1% Lidocaine withOUT epi 4. Ice pack to limb Treatment of severe hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Activate EMS 2. 1 amp IV glucose (50mL of 50% glucose) 3. IV infusion of dextrose (5-20% in water) Treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency (lack of cortisol) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Terminate procedure 2. Vitals 3. Trendelenburg if hypotensive 4. Activate EMS 5. Decadron 4mg IV or IM 6. 10-20mL fluid bolus Treatment of malignant hyperthermia (genetic transferred myopathy) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Tachycardia is the first sign 2. Activate EMS 3. Hyperventilate 100% 02 4. Dantrolene Sodium 2.5mg/kg rapid 5. IV cold saline 15mL/kg every 15min x3 6. Cold saline lavage to stomach and bladder and rectum Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Inadequate blood volume. First sign of tachycardia and increasing hypotension Epiglottis - CORRECT ANSWER-Soft tissue valve at the base of the tongue that prevents food from entering the larynx Myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER-Necrosis of tissue of the myocardium resulting from an interruption in blood supply Ataractis - CORRECT ANSWER-Pharmacologic agents producing a tranquilizing effect QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER-Element appearing on a cardiac monitor tracing that reflects the activity that produces ventricular contraction Mitral valve - CORRECT ANSWER-Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart that lets blood pass to the left ventricle Premature Atrial Contractions - CORRECT ANSWER-Premature firing of an ectopic focus in the atria producing an early contraction of the atria Venule - CORRECT ANSWER-Small vessels that collect blood from networks of capillaries and join them to form veins Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-Low levels of oxygen in body tissues Pulseless v- tach - CORRECT ANSWER-Dysrhythmia in which there is a monitor display of ventricular tachycardia but no contraction Atrium - CORRECT ANSWER-Upper chamber of the heart Capillary - CORRECT ANSWER-Minute vessels that connect the arterioles and venules forming a network in nearly all parts of the body. Cardiac cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-Complete cardiac movement or heartbeat. The number of cycles per minute is the heart rate Nasopharynx - CORRECT ANSWER-Part of the pharynx that lies above the back of the soft palate. Systolic - CORRECT ANSWER-Phase of the hearts pumping action when ventricles contract, forcing blood either to the lungs or periphreal circulation Induction - CORRECT ANSWER-Initiation of a state of unconsciousness during anesthesia Barbituate - CORRECT ANSWER-Group of pharmacological agents that have sedative properties and produce amnesia and hypnotic event (thiopental sodium; methohexital) Anxiolytics - CORRECT ANSWER-Drugs reducing anxiety, agitation (valium and versed) Chemoreceptor trigger zone - CORRECT ANSWER-Center in the brain stem that responds to toxins in the blood and signals vomiting center Relay center - CORRECT ANSWER-Ovoid structure in central portion of the brain that relays sensory input to the cerebral cortex Brachiocephalic artery - CORRECT ANSWER-The large artery on the right of the neck that distributes blood to the right side of the head and neck and right arm Titrate - CORRECT ANSWER-Give small amounts of a drug and assess before giving more T wave - CORRECT ANSWER-Wave on a cardiac monitor is evidence of repolarization of the ventricles Blood flow through heart and lungs - CORRECT ANSWER-Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta An upper respiratory infection affects the - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, sinuses and pharynx TIA - CORRECT ANSWER-Temporary lessening of the blood supply to the brain Esters and amides - CORRECT ANSWER-Classification of local anesthetics Maximum dose of local anesthetic for a healthy adult - CORRECT ANSWER-10-11 carpules Synapse - CORRECT ANSWER-Junction between neurons Central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER-Overall control system of the body. Consists of the brain and spinal cord 12 cranial nerves in order - CORRECT ANSWER-olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal Core of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER-Relay station between sensory inputs from the periphery of the body to the cerebral cortex. Play a pivotal roll in many of the bodies autonomic functions and emotions. Trigeminal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER-5th cranial nerve Supplies sensation to the jaw, teeth and muscles of mastication. Norepinepherine - CORRECT ANSWER-*Close relative of epinephrine or adrenaline. *Secreted by adrenal gland. *Principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerve endings supplying major organs and skin. *Increase blood pressure and rate/depth of breathing *raises blood sugar level and decreases intestine activity. Ketamine - CORRECT ANSWER-Stimulates the vital centers and causes an increase in blood pressure and pulse. Anticholinergics - CORRECT ANSWER-Drugs that counteract parasympathetic stimulation Help reduce the production of secretions that are stimulated by the parasympathetic nerves. Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER-Used in cardiac arrest in an attempt to stimulate adrenergic receptors and re-establish electrical conductivity through the conduction system of the heart. Ephederine - CORRECT ANSWER-Used in the management of hypotension and adrenergic blocking drugs. Labetalol and esmalol