DAANCE TEST EXAM (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS;2023/2024 Addison's disease - CORRECT ANSWER-A disease due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids, characterized by low blood pressure, diarrhea, digestive disturbance, and a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin A

DAANCE PRACTICE TEST EXAM 2023/2024 The "T" wave on an ECG tracing is evidence of what change in polarization? - CORRECT ANSWER-Repolarization of the ventricles What anatomical structure located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering the trachea? - CORRECT ANSWER-The epiglottis Which structure is most likely to cause obstruction of the airway when an anesthetized patient is lying in a supine position? - CORRECT ANSWER-The tongue What is the "supine" position? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pt laying face up What is the "fowlers" position? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pt is sitting straight up or leaning slightly back What is the "trendelenberg" position? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pt's head is slightly lower than their feet Blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through which vessel? - CORRECT ANSWER-pulmonary artery What is the normal sequence for the flow of blood through the heart and lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta The small sac like structures located at the end of the respiratory tract in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged are called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aveoli Which structure may be involved in a pt who has an upper respiratory infection? - CORRECT ANSWER-nose, sinuses, and pharynx What is the soft tissue valve that covers the larynx and allows food to enter the esophagus? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epiglottis An artery located in the neck that is readily palpated when looking for a patients pulse is? - CORRECT ANSWER-common carotid Which part of the eye loses its reflex action first during the induction of anesthesia? - CORRECT ANSWER-The eyelid What is hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of oxygen What is Addisons disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-hyposecretion of glucocorticoids What type of medication do pt's with Addisons disease take? - CORRECT ANSWERCortisone daily What is hyperglycemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-An insufficient supply of insulin which is produced in the pancreas, prevents the body's cells from metabolizing carbohydrates properly. What is "Type 1 diabetes"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Insulin dependent What is "type 2 diabetes?" - CORRECT ANSWER-non-insulin diabetes A pt with history of transient ischemic attacks (TIA's) has had temporary lessening of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood supply to the brain Ischemic heart disease is a result of? - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries The main purpose of the review of systems is to obtain a careful evaluation of the pt's? - CORRECT ANSWER-Medical history A pt who has renal disease would be expected to have difficulty with? - CORRECT ANSWER-drug excretion Medical history is not used to document ? - CORRECT ANSWER-The socioeconomic status of the pt. Congestive failure does not result in? - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchospasm Normal blood oxygen saturation in an ASA class I pt ranges from? - CORRECT ANSWER-95%-100% Why are diabetic pt's at risk for oral and maxillofacial surgery? - CORRECT ANSWERPt's are subject to postoperative infections. A pt who has had a myocardial infarction should wait how many months before having elective surgery? - CORRECT ANSWER-6 months What is midazolam? - CORRECT ANSWER-Versed What is glycopyrrolate? - CORRECT ANSWER-Robinul What does robinul do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dry mouth What type of drug is "diazepam"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anxiolytics (dissolving anxiety) What is another word for "diazepam"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Valium What is another word for "midazolam"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Versed What is the main difference between valium and versed? - CORRECT ANSWERVersed is faster acting and water soluble, making it less irritating to the veins. What is a narcotic? - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to provide systemic pain control What is fentanyl (Sublimaze) - CORRECT ANSWER-A narcotic, Much more potent than demerol or morphine What is diphenhydramine? - CORRECT ANSWER-Benadryl What is another word for "Dexamethasone"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Decadron What type of medication is decadron? - CORRECT ANSWER-A steroid What is another name for "Odanestron?" - CORRECT ANSWER-Zofran What does "odanestron" do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Helps with perioperative nausea What does decardon help with? - CORRECT ANSWER-The prevention of swelling Diazepam (valium) is used in outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery to? - CORRECT ANSWER-sedate the patient Barbiturates are detoxified primarily in the ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Liver Rapid administration of anesthetic doses of methoexital (brevital) can result in? - CORRECT ANSWER-hiccups, tachycardia, and respiratory depression What is "tachycardia"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute) What is "titrate"? - CORRECT ANSWER-to give a small quantity of a drug and assess its effects before giving additional drugs The reason that methohexital (brevital) is considered to be ultrashort acting is because it is? - CORRECT ANSWER-not as highly bound to fat as thiopental Oxygen is approximately what precent of room air? - CORRECT ANSWER-20% Naloxone (narcan) is used primarily as? - CORRECT ANSWER-A narcotic antagonist Recovery from ketamine (ketalar) anesthetic is sometimes associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER-Bad dreams Local anesthetics containing epinephrine should be used cautiously on pt's who have? - CORRECT ANSWER-cardiac disrhythmias What is "Cardiac disrhythmias (arryhthmias) - CORRECT ANSWER-Rhythm disturbances of the heart What is Arryhythmia ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat What is the "Arteriole?" - CORRECT ANSWER-Any of the very small arterial branches located at the end of an artery (furthest from the heart) how is the group of local anestethics ester's metabolized? - CORRECT ANSWER-They have a higher potential for allergic reaction and are metabolized by the enzymes in the blood What group of anesthetic is cocaine a part of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Esters How is the group of local anesthetics Amides metabolized? - CORRECT ANSWER-In the liver What group of anesthetics is Lidocaine part of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amides What are "Vasoconstrictors"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pharmacologic agents that cause blood vessels to constrict What is "Vasoconstriction"? - CORRECT ANSWER-The decrease in the diameter of a vessel, especially constriction of arterioles leading to decrease blood flow to a part What are the "pulmonary veins"? - CORRECT ANSWER-The veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. This is the only case in the body in which veins carry oxygenated blood What is the benefit to using propofol (Diprivan) over methohexital (Breviatl)? - CORRECT ANSWER-lower incidence of nausea and a shorter duration What is the benefit to using local anesthetic alone? - CORRECT ANSWER-The patient doesn't have to be NPO, and a driver is not neccesary What is NPO? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nothing by mouth