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Samenvatting - barb22 Comfort
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Samenvatting examen COMFORTInhoudsopgave
THERMISCH COMFORT ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTEGRALE AANPAK : de gevel .................................................................................................................................................. 5
DEEL 1 : thermisch comfort : warmte transport .......................................................................................................................... 9
Geleiding, convectie straling ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Isolatie gebouw ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Warmtetransport ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Warmtegeleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Warmteweerstand .................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Warmteweerstand heterogene wand ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Convectie ................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Straling (radiatie) .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Verwarmingssystemen in woningen ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Elektrisch analogon 1 (= gelijksoortig, overeenkomstig) ......................................................................................................... 16
Elektrisch analogon 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt U ............................................................................................................................................... 17
Overgangsweestanden RS (aan oppervlakte wand) ......................................................................................................................... 17
Totale warmteweerstand ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Bijzonder geval : omkeerdak ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Koude bruggen ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Temperatuursverloop in een opake constructie ....................................................................................................................... 20
Warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt venster ...................................................................................................................................... 22
opbouw dubbel glas : .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Opbouw driedubbele beglazing : ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Opbouw brandwerend glas : ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Eigenschappen glas : ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
Zonnestraling en glas : ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Toepassing zonnestraling ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Types glas ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Warmtedoorgangscoëfficiënt venster.......................................................................................................................................... 25
EPB – eisen ............................................................................................................................................................................... 26
E-peil ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
S-peil ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
COMFORT AKOESTIEK .............................................................................................................................................................. 28
DEEL 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Inleiding : geluid ....................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Golfverschijnselen en geluid ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Karakteristieken van geluid ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
Geluidssnelheid c(m/s) ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Geluidsintensiteit I (W/m2) ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Geluiddrukniveau .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
, Geluid in architectuur ................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Geluidsbron ............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Inleiding : het spraakorgaan .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Architecturale akoestiek.......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Ruimteakoestiek ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Reflectogram en formules ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Nagalmtijd ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Geluidabsorptie ............................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Reflectie- en absorptiecoëfficiënt ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Absorptie-coëfficiënt (𝞪) id bouwpraktijk .............................................................................................................................. 33
Reflectie , transmissie en impedantie ..................................................................................................................................... 33
Geluidabsorptie: intuitie ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
Geluidabsorptie : poreuze materialen .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Geluidabsorptie : resonatoren vlakke plaat ................................................................................................................................. 34
Resonatoren Helmholtz-resonator .......................................................................................................................................... 35
Nagalmtijd.................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Meten ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Berekenen ............................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Voorbeelden geluidabsorberende materialen ........................................................................................................................ 37
Geluidverstrooing en diffusie ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
Verstrooiing van geluid ae. Oppervlak .................................................................................................................................... 38
Diffractie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Geluiddrukniveau in een ruimte ................................................................................................................................................... 39
Galmstraal ............................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Richtingskarakteristiek ............................................................................................................................................................ 39
Spraakverstaanbaarheid.......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Clarity van geluid : C50 en C80 ................................................................................................................................................... 40
DEEL 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Invloed vh volume vd ruimte .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Vorm van de ruimte...................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Verdeling van absorptiematerialen over de ruimte ................................................................................................................ 41
Rekenmethoden in ruimteakoestiek ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Spiegelbronnenmodel ............................................................................................................................................................. 42
Stralenmodel (ray tracing method) ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Room Impulse Response (RIR)................................................................................................................................................. 43
Auralisatie................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Ontwerpregels .............................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Ontwerprichtlijnen vr nagalmtijd ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Ruimtes voor muziek .................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Concertzaal oversterkte muziek .............................................................................................................................................. 45
Belangrijkste akoestische eiegenschappen ............................................................................................................................. 45
Variabele akoestiek ...................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Kantoor- en administratieve gebouwen : ontwerpregels ....................................................................................................... 47
Sport : gymzalen en sportzalen ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Zwembad ................................................................................................................................................................................. 48
Restaurant (/horeca) .............................................................................................................................................................. 48
Atria , shoppingscentra,.. ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Bibliotheek / stille leerruimtes ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Industrie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 49
DEEL 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Inleiding geluidsisolatie : luchtgeluid en contactgeluid ............................................................................................................. 50
Luchtgeluid ................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
, Meerdere ruimten in één gebouw ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Zeer stille ruimten ................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Contactgeluid ............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
FLANKERENDE TRANSMISSIE ................................................................................................................................................... 52
Onderling geïsoleerde ruimten ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Doos-in-doos-constructie ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
Architecturale oplossingen ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
Geluidsisolatie theorie .................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Definitie geluidsverzwakkingsindex R(dB) ............................................................................................................................... 53
Homogene enkelvoudige wanden ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Theorie : geluidstransmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 54
Luchtgeluidisolatie enkelvoudige wanden ................................................................................................................................... 54
Massawet ................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
Luchtgeluidisolatie : enkelvoudige wanden ............................................................................................................................ 56
Luchtgeluidisolatie : dubbele wanden .......................................................................................................................................... 56
Massawet en massa-veer-massa ............................................................................................................................................. 56
Ontwerpregels dubbele wanden .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Meten van luchtgeluidisolatie ih laboratorium ............................................................................................................................ 60
Transmissiekamers KU Leuven ................................................................................................................................................ 60
Geluidverzwakkingsindex R(dB) .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Gewogen geluidverzwakkingsindex RW ................................................................................................................................... 61
Meten van luchtgeluidisolatie in een bouw ................................................................................................................................. 61
Luchtgeluidisolatie : eisen tssn woningen ............................................................................................................................... 61
Niveaureductie D (dB) ............................................................................................................................................................. 61
Flankerende transmissie ......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Contactgeluidisolatie : theorie ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
Meten contactgeluidisolatie ih labo ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Deuren en sluizen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Ramen , glaswanden en beglazingen ........................................................................................................................................... 65
Gevelisolatie ................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
VISUEEL COMFORT ................................................................................................................................................................... 66
DEEL 1 : basiselementen van viseel comfort ............................................................................................................................. 66
1. FYSIOLOGISCHE KENMERKEN EN PSYCHOLOGISCHE EFFECTEN ......................................................................................... 67
Fysiologische aspecten ............................................................................................................................................................ 67
Psychologische effecten .......................................................................................................................................................... 67
2. FYSISCHE ASPECTEN ............................................................................................................................................................ 68
2.1 licht = energie............................................................................................................................................................ 68
2.2 Licht is kleur ....................................................................................................................................................................... 68
2.3 Licht = meetbaar ....................................................................................................................................................... 70
3. DAGLICHT BENUTTEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
4. KUNSTLICHT AANVULLEND ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Energielabel lamp .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Armatuur ................................................................................................................................................................................. 78
5. VENTILATIE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Deel 1 : Waarom en hoe ventileren? ........................................................................................................................................ 82
1. Waterdamp......................................................................................................................................................................... 82
2. Geuren ................................................................................................................................................................................ 82
3. Toevoer zuurstof voor mensen ........................................................................................................................................... 83
, 4. Toevoer zuurstof voor open verbrandingstoestellen .......................................................................................................... 83
Ongezonde binnenlucht kan leiden tot :....................................................................................................................................... 83
Ongecontroleerd ventileren (NIET) ............................................................................................................................................... 83
Gecontroleerd ventileren (WEL) ................................................................................................................................................... 83
Vier ventilatiesystemen ........................................................................................................................................................... 86
Optimaliseren vh ventilatiesysteem ........................................................................................................................................ 89
Inblaas en toevoer monden .................................................................................................................................................... 90
Kanalen : .................................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Voorbeelden / oefeningen : .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Deel 3 : speciale ruimtes in woningen (residentiële gebouwen) ............................................................................................... 94
Advies : ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
Deel 4 : ventilatie niet residentiël ............................................................................................................................................. 95
ERGONOMISCH COMFORT ....................................................................................................................................................... 95
1. Wat is ergonomie ............................................................................................................................................................... 95
Wie is ergonoom? ................................................................................................................................................................... 95
2. Vier ergonomische strekkinge............................................................................................................................................. 96
1. Cognitieve ergonomie .................................................................................................................................................... 96
2. Taalergonomie ............................................................................................................................................................... 96
3. Organisatorische ergonomie.......................................................................................................................................... 96
4. Fysieke ergonomie ......................................................................................................................................................... 97
Ergonomie in gebouwen............................................................................................................................................................... 97
1. Minimum afmetingen .................................................................................................................................................... 98
2. Circulatie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 98
3. Trap / helling .................................................................................................................................................................. 98
Helling...................................................................................................................................................................................... 99
4. Sanitair ......................................................................................................................................................................... 100
5. Keuken ......................................................................................................................................................................... 100
6. Slapen .......................................................................................................................................................................... 101
7. Baden ........................................................................................................................................................................... 101
8. Zitten ............................................................................................................................................................................ 102
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