Samenvatting & uitwerking van alle mogelijke examenvragen voor het volledige vak Bio-ethics (18/20)
12 views 0 purchase
Course
Bio-ethics (UA_2002FBDBMW)
Institution
Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
Samenvatting & uitwerking van alle mogelijke examenvragen voor het volledige vak Bio-ethics (18/20): Dit is een compacte samenvatting van het vak 'Bio-ethics', 1e Master Biomedische Wetenschappen aan de UA (schooljaar 2022/2023). Met volledig uitgewerkte antwoorden voor alle mogelijke vragen & term...
Theoretical philosophy: people ask questions about what human beings are, what the universe
around them is and what the universe is. This is still important, but mainly taken over by exact
sciences. However, philosophers will critically reflect on scientific questions and clarify them.
Examples are metaphysics, philosophical anthropology and philosophy of science.
Practical philosophy: practical philosophy involves disciplines such as ethics, political and social
philosophy. In political philosophy people ask questions about power, and ideologies and structure
are analysed. Social philosophy thinks about the origin of society and the relation between an
individual and social structures.
Ethics: ethics is a subdivision of philosophy and includes applied ethics.
Thought experiment: Philosophers develop philosophical theories and use thought experiments to
clarify them. Thought experiments are hypothetical scenarios constructed by philosophers to explore
philosophical theories and provoke critical thinking about complex ethical issues.
Experimental philosophy: examines the role and effectiveness of thought experiments in evoking
philosophical intuitions. It combines philosophy with psychology and sociology to investigate the
function and impact of thought experiments on philosophical reasoning.
Morality: morality talks about the common notion to distinguish between good and evil. Morality is
an approach from social sciences, psychology and cultural anthropology.
Egoistic prudence: this is the origin of morality based on Thomas Hobbes where he states that
individuals entangle in a bitter struggle to survive. To obtain social order, moral rules and norms
should be set in laws and enforced by the state.
Ethical naturalism: what is morally good is determined by scientific data and be logically deduced
from facts. Moral facts can be reduced to non-moral facts and have no separate ontological status in
reality. Empirical facts can show what is good.
Ethical non-naturalism: Good cannot be reduced to other non-moral facts. Goodness is a real
characteristic and can be shown and grasped. Intuitions are important.
1
, Essay questions
Situate bioethics within the broader field of philosophy and in relation to other disciplines.
Ethics:
1. Non-normative branches
2. Normative ethics:
a. General normative ethics
b. Applied ethics
i. Bio-ethics
Which method(s) do philosophers use to come to certain conclusions?
1. Thinking about the meaning of concepts: how are concepts used in scientific disciplines.
2. Questioning commonly held assumptions: how is scientific progress possible.
3. Using thought experiments.
Which different sub-disciplines are there within ethics?
Ethics: reflection about what is good and what is bad.
1. Non-normative branches:
a. Descriptive ethics or moral sciences.
2. Normative ethics:
a. General normative ethics.
b. Applied ethics: - Bioethics - Media ethics - Business ethics.
What do Thomas Hobbes and Frans de Waal say about the origins of morality?
Hobbes: hij stelt dat de oorsprong van moraliteit egoïstisch is. Volgens hem zullen individuen alles
doen om te overleven en daarbij kunnen ze ook anderen schaden. Om sociale orde te verkrijgen,
moeten er morele regels en normen worden vastgesteld in de wetten en afgedwongen worden door
de staat.
De Waal: mortaliteit heeft een biologische basis van rechtvaardigheid en altruïsme. Volgens De Waal
zijn we van nature goed, omdat dieren dezelfde biologische basis van moraliteit hebben, met een
gevoeligheid voor rechtvaardigheid en altruïsme.
Hobbes ziet moraliteit als een door de samenleving opgelegd systeem om orde te handhaven, terwijl
De Waal gelooft dat mortaliteit geworteld is in onze biologische aard en gedeeld wordt met andere
dieren.
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lemmeslodders. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.05. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
