Week 5
Pediatrics
• Unit II - Child Development
o Chapter 34 - Dermatologic Disorders
o Chapter 35 - Eye and Vision Disorders
o Chapter 36 - Ear and Hearing Disorders
o Chapter 37 - Respiratory Disorders
Lieberthal, A. S., Carroll, A. E., Chonmaitree, T., Ganiats, T. G., Hoberman, A., Jac...
NR 602 Final Exam Study Guide
Week 5
Pediatrics
• Unit II - Child Development
o Chapter 34 - Dermatologic Disorders
o Chapter 35 - Eye and Vision Disorders
o Chapter 36 - Ear and Hearing Disorders
o Chapter 37 - Respiratory Disorders
Lieberthal, A. S., Carroll, A. E., Chonmaitree, T., Ganiats, T. G., Hoberman, A., Jackson, M. A., ... & Schwartz, R. H. (2013). The diagnosis
and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics, 131(3), e964-e999. https://chamberlain-on-worldcat-
org.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/oclc/8588117369
Week 6
Pediatrics
Unit IV - Common Childhood Conditions and Disorders
, G. C., Tulloh, L. E., & Tulloh, R. R. (2016). Kawasaki disease incidence in children and adolescents: an observational
stud y in primary care. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of The Royal College of General
Practitioners, 66(645), e271-e276. doi:10.3399/bjgp16X684325 (Links to an external site.)
tin-Hermoso, M. R., Berger, S., Bhatt, A. B., Richerson, J. E., Morrow, R., Freed, M. D., & Beekman, R. H. (2017).
The care of children with congenital heart disease in their primary medical home. Pediatrics, 140(5),
e20172607. https://chamberlain- on-worldcat-org.chamberlainuniversity.idm.oclc.org/oclc/7285161978
Week 7
Pediatrics
Unit IV - Common Childhood Conditions and Disorders
Unit IV - Common Childhood Conditions and Disorders
, • Chapter 15 - Behavioral and Mental Health Promotion
• Chapter 24 - Injury Prevention and Child Maltreatment
• Chapter 30 - Neurodevelopmental, Behavioral, and Mental Health Disorders
Eye disorders
,• USPSTF recommendations for vision screening for children 6 months to 5 years of
age
that screening tests have reasonable accuracy in identifying strabismus,
amblyopia, and refractive errors in children 3 to 5 years of age.
• Refractive errors are the most common visual disorders seen in children
o Myopia, or nearsightedness, exists when the axial length of the eye is
increased in relation to the eye’s optical power. As a result, light from a
distant object is focused in front of the retina rather than directly on it. A
myopic child sees close objects clearly but distant objects are blurry.
▪ 9
years of age, with increased prevalence after the adolescent growth
spurt. Mild hyperopia is normal in a young child and should decrease
rapidly between 7 and 14 years of age.
o Hyperopia, or farsightedness, exists when the visual image is focused
behind the retina. As a result, distant objects are seen clearly but close
objects are blurry.
o Astigmatism exists when the curvature of the cornea or the lens is uneven;
thus the retina cannot appropriately focus light from an object regardless of
the distance, which makes vision blurry close up and far away. Rarely,
astigmatism can be caused by an alteration in the corneal sphere caused by
a soft tissue mass on the inner aspect of the eyelid, such as a chalazion or
hemangioma.
o Anisometropia is a different refractive error in each eye. It may
consist of any combination of refractive errors discussed earlier, or it
may occur with aphakia.
• Amblyopia
pathways needed to attain central vision
o Clear focused images fail to reach the brain, resulting in reduced or
permanent loss of vision.
o The condition is labeled (or typed) according to the structural or refractive
problem that is causing the poor visual image to reach the brain:
deprivational, or obstruction of vision (e.g., caused by ptosis, cataract,
nystagmus), strabismic (caused by strabismus or lazy eye), or refractive
(myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, anisometropia). Diagnosis of
amblyopia prevents permanent loss of vision in the affected eye.
o clinical findings:
▪ Squinting, tendency to cover or close one eye when concentrating
▪ Abnormal vision, cover/uncover, and/or fundoscopic exam
▪ Pain in or around eyes and/or headaches (rare)
▪ Fatigue, dizziness
▪ Developmental delay
▪ Family history of refractive errors, strabismus, or amblyopia
o Management:
▪ Refer to an ophthalmologist or optometrist for prescription corrective
lenses. School-age children and teenagers should participate in the
selection of frames; contact lenses may be considered.
▪ Once a refractive error has been determined or if a child is
wearing glasses, annual evaluations are recommended.
, ▪ Moderate amblyopia usually responds to 2 hours of daily patching or
weekend atropine (produces cycloplegia of nonamblyopic eye).
▪ Untreated or inadequately treated amblyopia in young childhood
results in irreversible and lifelong visual loss
• Strabismus fect in ocular alignment, or the position of the eyes in relation to
each other;it is commonly called lazy eye.
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