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Notes for Civics class 9 chapter 2
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Civics CivicsCivics Chapter
Chapter 22 Notes
Notes
Civic
Apartheid is a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa imposed by white Europeans.
Civics
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the trading companies from Europe occupied it with arms
and force and became the local rulers.
The system of apartheid divided the people and labelled them on the basis of their skin colour. The white
rulers treated all nonwhites as inferiors. The non-whites did not have voting rights and were forbidden from
living in white areas.
Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches,
swimming pools, public toilets, were all separate for the whites and blacks. This was called segregation.
The blacks, coloured and Indians fought against the apartheid system from 1950. The African National
Congress (ANC) was the umbrella organisation that led the struggle against the policies of segregation.
Nelson Mandela was one of the leaders amongst the eight who were tried for treason by the white South
African government. They were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for daring to oppose the apartheid
regime in the country.
As the protests and struggles against apartheid increased, the blacks could no longer be kept under the rule of
the government through repression. The white regime changed its policies. Discriminatory laws were
repealed. Ban on political parties and restrictions on the media were lifted.
Nelson Mandela was released after 28 years in the Robben Island Prison. The apartheid government came to
an end on midnight of 26 April 1994, paving the way for the formation of a multi-racial government.
After two years of discussion and debate they came out with one of the finest constitutions the world has ever
had. This constitution gave to its citizens the most extensive rights available in any country.
Following the emergence of the new democratic South Africa, the party that ruled through oppression and
brutal killings and the party that led the freedom struggle sat together to draw up a common constitution.
This constitution gave its citizens the most extensive rights available in any country. Together, they decided
that in the search for a solution to the problems, nobody should be excluded.
Why Do We Need Constitution?
. The oppressor and oppressed were planning to live together as equals in the new democracy in South Africa
. Each section wanted to safeguard its interests and wanted substantial social and economic rights. Through
negotiations, both parties came to a compromise. The whites agreed to the principle of majority rule and that
of one person, one vote. They also agreed to accept some basic rights for the poor and the workers.
The blacks agreed that majority rule would not be absolute and that the majority would not take away the
property of the white minority. How was this compromise to be implemented? The only way to build and
maintain trust in such a situation was to write down some rules of the game that everyone would abide by.
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