What are 3 types of scoliosis?
• Idiopathic scoliosis is lateral curvature of the spine. Diagnosis is clinical and includes spinal x- rays. Treatment depends on the severity of the curvature.
• Congenital scoliosis is present at birth. A congenital scoliosis curve is where bones are asymmetri...
What are 3 types of scoliosis?
• Idiopathic scoliosis is lateral curvature of the spine. Diagnosis is clinical and includes spinal
x- rays. Treatment depends on the severity of the curvature.
• Congenital scoliosis is present at birth. A congenital scoliosis curve is where bones are
asymmetrical at birth and the spinal vertebrae may be partially formed (hemivertebra)
or wedge-shaped.
• Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by an underlying systemic condition such as cerebral
palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, spinal cord tumors, or paralysis.
• Syndromic scoliosis is a term for a unique group of spine conditions. Diseases such as
Marfan’s Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, neurofibromatosis,
Prader-Willi Syndrome, arthrogryposis, and Riley-Day Syndrome are some of the common
syndromic causes of this type of scoliosis.
What is the rationale for not prescribing antibiotics for bronchiolitis RSV?
• Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract affecting infants < 24
months and is characterized by respiratory distress, wheezing, and/or crackles. Diagnosis is
suspected by history, including presentation during a known epidemic; the primary cause,
respiratory syncytial virus, can be identified with a rapid assay. Treatment is supportive with
oxygen and hydration. Prognosis is generally excellent, but some patients develop apnea
or respiratory failure.
• Treatment is supportive; bronchodilators sometimes relieve symptoms but probably do not
shorten hospitalization, and systemic corticosteroids are not indicated in previously well
infants
with bronchiolitis.
When do we refer a child with bronchiolitis to a higher level of care?
• Indications for hospitalization include accelerating respiratory distress, ill appearance
(eg, cyanosis, lethargy, fatigue), apnea by history, hypoxemia, and inadequate oral
intake.
What are the signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
• The illness tends to progress in stages, beginning with fever lasting at least 5 days, usually
unremittent and > 39° C (about 102.2° F), and is associated with irritability, occasional lethargy,
or intermittent colicky abdominal pain. Usually within a day or two of fever onset, bilateral
bulbar conjunctival injection appears without exudate. Within 5 days, a polymorphous,
erythematous macular rash appears, primarily over the trunk, often with accentuation in the
perineal region. The rash may be urticarial, morbilliform, erythema multiforme, or
scarlatiniform. It is accompanied by injected pharynx; reddened, dry, fissured lips; and a red
strawberry tongue. During the first week, pallor of the proximal portion of the fingernails or
toenails (leukonychia partialis) may occur. Erythema or a purple-red discoloration and variable
, edema of the palms and soles usually appear on about the 3rd to 5th day. Although edema
may be slight, it is often tense, hard, and nonpitting. Periungual, palmar, plantar, and perineal
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