Maternity and Newborn Nursing Reviewer :350
Nursing Bullets BEST STUDY GUIDE FOR YOUR EXAMS
2023/2024
1. The male sperm contributes an X or a Y chromosome; the female ovum
contributes an X chromosome.
2. Fertilization produces a total of 46 chromosomes, including an XY
combination (male) or an XX combination (female).
3. Organogenesis occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy,
specifically, days 14 to 56 of gestation.
4. Implantation in the uterus occurs 6 to 10 days after ovum fertilization.
5. The chorion is the outermost extraembryonic membrane that gives rise
to the placenta.
6. The corpus luteum secretes large quantities of progesterone.
7. From the 8th week of gestation through delivery, the developing cells
are known as a fetus.
8. The union of a male and a female gamete produces a zygote, which
divides into the fertilized ovum.
9. Spermatozoa (or their fragments) remain in the vagina for 72 hours
after sexual intercourse.
10. If the ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon carrying a Y chromosome,
a male zygote is formed.
,11. Implantation occurs when the cellular walls of the blastocyte implants
itself in the endometrium, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.
Implantation occurs when the cellular walls of the blastocyte implants
itself in the endometrium, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.
Heart development in the embryo begins at 2 to 4 weeks and is complete
by the end of the embryonic stage.
Menstruation
If a patient misses a menstrual period while taking an oral contraceptive
exactly as prescribed, she should continue taking the contraceptive.
The first menstrual flow is called menarche and may be anovulatory
(infertile).
Breastfeeding
When both breasts are used for breastfeeding, the infant usually doesn’t
empty the second breast. Therefore, the second breast should be used
first at the next feeding.
Stress, dehydration, and fatigue may reduce a breastfeeding mother’s
milk supply.
To help a mother break the suction of her breastfeeding infant, the nurse
should teach her to insert a finger at the corner of the infant’s mouth.
Cow’s milk shouldn’t be given to infants younger than age one (1)
because it has a low linoleic acid content and its protein is difficult for
infants to digest.
,A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a mild emollient cream or a
few drops of breast milk (or colostrum) on the nipples after each feeding.
She should let the breasts air-dry to prevent them from cracking.
Breastfeeding mothers should increase their fluid intake to 2½ to 3 qt
(2,500 to 3,000 ml) daily.
After feeding an infant with a cleft lip or palate, the nurse should rinse
the infant’s mouth with sterile water.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been cultured in breast milk
and can be transmitted by an HIV-positive mother who breast-feeds her
infant.
Colostrum, the precursor of milk, is the first secretion from the breasts
after delivery.
A mother should allow her infant to breastfeed until the infant is
satisfied. The time may vary from 5 to 20 minutes.
Most drugs that a breastfeeding mother takes appear in breast milk.
Prolactin stimulates and sustains milk production.
Breastfeeding of a premature neonate born at 32 weeks gestation can be
accomplished if the mother expresses milk and feeds the neonate by
gavage.
, A mother who has a positive human immunodeficiency virus test result
shouldn’t breastfeed her infant.
Hot compresses can help to relieve breast tenderness after
breastfeeding.
Unlike formula, breast milk offers the benefit of maternal antibodies.
Neonatal Care
The initial weight loss for a healthy neonate is 5% to 10% of birth weight.
The normal hemoglobin value in neonates is 17 to 20 g/dl.
The circumference of a neonate’s head is normally 2 to 3 cm greater than
the circumference of the chest.
After delivery, the first nursing action is to establish the neonate’s airway.
The specific gravity of a neonate’s urine is 1.003 to 1.030. A lower specific
gravity suggests overhydration; a higher one suggests dehydration.
During the first hour after birth (the period of reactivity), the neonate is
alert and awake.
The neonatal period extends from birth to day 28. It’s also called the first
four (4) weeks or first month of life.
A low-birth-weight neonate weighs 2,500 g (5 lb 8 oz) or less at birth.
A very-low-birth-weight neonate weighs 1,500 g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at
birth.
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